合鳃鱼科（学名：Synbranchidae）为辐鳍鱼纲合鳃目的其中一科，其物种的外型与鳗鱼相似，分布于热带及亚热带的淡水水域[4]。本科绝大多数物种能够呼吸空气，栖息于沼泽、池塘及潮湿的环境，在水源干涸时，又会埋藏自己于泥内。
Quick Facts 合鳃鱼科, 科学分类 ...
Close
本科鱼类主要分布于全球热带、亚热带淡水水域[4]；但根据FishBase等的数据，本科物种分布于亚洲印度东部至澳大利亚北部、西非、从墨西哥起始到中美洲及南美洲一带的淡水及咸淡水交界水域[5][6]。
本科鱼类体细长呈圆形，尾细而尖，全体与蛇相似。体裸露无鳞片，成鱼无胸鳍、腹鳍，背鳍与臀鳍退化成皮褶，无鳍条。无鳞、鱼鳔，鳃膜愈合而仅开一孔于腹面。
黄鳝属（Monopterus Lacepède, 1800）包括有[8]：
- 黄鳝 Monopterus albus
- 双色黄鳝 Monopterus bicolor
- 布氏黄鳝 Monopterus boueti
- 山黄鳝 Monopterus cuchia
- 斯里兰卡黄鳝 Monopterus desilvai
- 奠边黄鳝 Monopterus dienbienensis
- 红黄鳝 Monopterus digressus
- 伊氏黄鳝 Monopterus eapeni
- 穴栖黄鳝 Monopterus fossorius
- 霍氏黄鳝 Monopterus hodgarti
- 艾氏黄鳝 Monopterus ichthyophoides
- 印度黄鳝 Monopterus indicus
- Monopterus luticolus Britz, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Sykes & Gower, 2016[9]
- Monopterus rongsaw Britz, Sykes, Gower & Kamei, 2018[10]
- 罗氏黄鳝 Monopterus roseni
蛇胸鳝属（Ophisternon McClelland, 1844）包括下列各种：
- 穴栖蛇胸鳝 Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen & Greenwood, 1976
- 非洲蛇胸鳝 Ophisternon afrum (Boulenger, 1909)
- 孟加拉蛇胸鳝 Ophisternon bengalense McClelland, 1844
- 白蛇胸鳝 Ophisternon candidum (Mees, 1962)[11]
- 斑点蛇胸鳝 Ophisternon gutturale (Richardson, 1845)
- 阴曹蛇胸鳝 Ophisternon infernale (Hubbs, 1938)：又称幽鳝。
- Rakthamichthys digressus (Gopi. 2002) [12]
- Rakthamichthys roseni (Bailey & Gans 1998) [12]
合鳃鱼属（Synbranchus Bloch, 1795）包括下列各物种：
本科鱼类栖息于泥沼地，白天潜伏于洞穴内，夜晚才活动觅食，属肉食性，以各种水生小型动物为食，口腔内壁表皮与肠均具有呼吸功能，能直接呼吸空气。
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (编). Synbranchus. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. [11 November 2019]. Perdices, A.; Doadrio, I.; Bermingham, E. Evolutionary history of the synbranchid eels (Teleostei: Synbranchidae) in Central America and the Caribbean islands inferred from their molecular phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. November 2005, 37 (2): 460–473. PMID 16223677. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.020 （英语）. Systematic Parasitology 51: 149–153
Ralph Britz, Thomas Doherty-Bone, Marcel Kouete, Dan Sykes and David Gower. 2016. Monopterus luticolus, A New Species of Swamp Eel from Cameroon (Teleostei: Synbranchidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 27(4); 309-323.
Ralf Britz, Dan Sykes, David J. Gower and Rachunliu G. Kamei. 2018. Monopterus rongsaw, A New Species of Hypogean Swamp Eel from the Khasi Hills in Northeast India (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. IEF-1086:1-12 DOI: 10.23788/IEF-1086
Glenn I. Moore, William F. Humphreys and Ralph Foster. 2018. New Populations of the Rare Subterranean Blind Cave Eel Ophisternon candidum (Synbranchidae) reveal Recent Historical Connections throughout north-western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research. DOI: 10.1071/MF18006
Ralf Britz, Neelesh Dahanukar, Ariane Standing, Siby Philip, Biju Kumar and Rajeev Raghavan. 2020. Osteology of ‘Monopterus’ roseni with the Description of Rakthamichthys, New Genus, and Comments on the Generic Assignment of the Amphipnous Group Species (Teleostei: Synbranchiformes). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. IEF-1163; 1-16. DOI: 10.23788/IEF-1163
