反介入/区域拒止

反介入/区域拒止（英语：Anti-Access/Area Denial, A2/AD；日语：接近阻止・領域拒否），是指控制作战环境的进出乃至整个环境的军事战略。^[2] 在早期定义中，反介入（Anti-Access, A2），是指运用远程力量，防止敌方或他方部队进入作战区域的行动和能力。区域拒止（Area Denial, AD），则是以较短距离的行动和能力，限制敌方或他方部队在作战区域内的行动自由。^[3]^[4] 简而言之，反介入阻拦他方部队进入作战区域动，而区域拒止是限制他方部队在作战区域内的移动。^[5] 反介入/区域拒止通常是弱势方用来防御较强对手的策略^[6]，但对手也能采取策略以“反介入/区域拒止”（A2/AD）。

2007年，兰德公司提出“反介入／区域拒止”报告，分析中国对抗美军的反介入能力。^[7]^[8] 美军眼中，中国具有的“反介入／区域拒止”战术武器，包含东风-21D导弹等，可用以拒止美军进入太平洋^[9]。

[1]
Giles, Keir; Boulegue, Mathieu. Russia's A2/AD Capabilities: Real and Imagined. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters. 2019, 49 (1): 21–36. S2CID 232333797. doi:10.55540/0031-1723.2860 .
[2]
Russell, Alison Lawlor. Historical Perspective of A2/AD Strategy. Strategic A2/AD in Cyberspace. 2017: 11–25 [2024-02-22]. ISBN 9781316817001. doi:10.1017/9781316817001.002. （原始内容存档于2018-06-11）.
[3]
Krepinevich, Andrew; Watts, Barry; Work, Robert. Meeting the anti-access and area denial challenge (PDF). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Washington, DC. 2003 [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-05-23）.
[4]
Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC) (PDF). Department of Defense. 17 January 2012 [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-10）.
[5]
Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2012 and the Future Years Defense Program. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 17 February 2011: 522 [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-22）.
[6]
Tangredi, Sam. Anti-access warfare: countering anti-access and area-denial strategies. 2013. ISBN 978-1-61251-187-0.
[7]
Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, Entering the Dragon's Lair: Chinese Antiaccess Strategies and Their Implications for the United States. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.
[8]
Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, China Could Use "Antiaccess" Strategies to Counter U.S. Military Superiority （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.
[9]
应绍基. 中共「反介入」戰力的建構與美國的因應作為 (PDF). [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-02-24）.

空海整体战

[giles2019-1] [1]
Giles, Keir; Boulegue, Mathieu. Russia's A2/AD Capabilities: Real and Imagined. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters. 2019, 49 (1): 21–36. S2CID 232333797. doi:10.55540/0031-1723.2860 .

[lawlor2017-2] [2]
Russell, Alison Lawlor. Historical Perspective of A2/AD Strategy. Strategic A2/AD in Cyberspace. 2017: 11–25 [2024-02-22]. ISBN 9781316817001. doi:10.1017/9781316817001.002. （原始内容存档于2018-06-11）.

[watts2003-3] [3]
Krepinevich, Andrew; Watts, Barry; Work, Robert. Meeting the anti-access and area denial challenge (PDF). Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Washington, DC. 2003 [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-05-23）.

[JOAC-4] [4]
Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC) (PDF). Department of Defense. 17 January 2012 [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-08-10）.

[5] [5]
Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2012 and the Future Years Defense Program. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 17 February 2011: 522 [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-22）.

[tangredi2013-6] [6]
Tangredi, Sam. Anti-access warfare: countering anti-access and area-denial strategies. 2013. ISBN 978-1-61251-187-0.

[7] [7]
Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, Entering the Dragon's Lair: Chinese Antiaccess Strategies and Their Implications for the United States. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.

[8] [8]
Cliff, Roger, Mark Burles, Michael S. Chase, Derek Eaton, and Kevin L. Pollpeter, China Could Use "Antiaccess" Strategies to Counter U.S. Military Superiority （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.

[9] [9]
应绍基. 中共「反介入」戰力的建構與美國的因應作為 (PDF). [2024-02-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-02-24）.

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反介入/区域拒止

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美国

中国的反介入能力

批评

注脚

参见