卵鞘

卵鞘由结构蛋白和鞣剂组成，使蛋白质在卵周围变硬，从而提供保护和稳定性。^[1]由于卵鞘外壳的复杂结构提供了进化繁殖优势^[4]（尽管适应性和寿命也取决于其他因素，如孵化的温度）。^[5]卵鞘最明显存在于蟑螂（蜚蠊目）和螳螂（螳螂目）中。^[6]^[7]

卵鞘保护卵免受微生物、寄生蜂、捕食者和天气的侵害；卵鞘通过其表面的变化保持稳定的水平衡，它在干燥气候下是多孔的，以防止脱水；在潮湿气候下是光滑的，以防止过饱和。^[8]^[9]其组成和外观因物种和环境而异。^[8]^[3]^[4]

雌性美洲大蠊与其卵鞘
雌性德国小蠊与其卵鞘
已孵化的宽腹斧螳（Hierodula patellifera）卵鞘的矢状面
在加拿大安大略省贵湖的薄翅螳螂（Mantis religiosa）卵鞘
在印度喀拉拉邦的螳螂卵鞘
蟑螂的卵鞘

[1]
Brunet, P. C. J. The Formation of the Ootheca by Periplaneta americana : I. The Micro-anatomy and Histology of the posterior part of the Abdomen. Journal of Cell Science. 1 June 1951, s3–92 (18): 113–127 [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-29）.
[2]
Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. 2005-05-16: 230. ISBN 9780521821490 （英语）.
[3]
Matthews-Cascon, Helena; Rocha-Barreira, Cristina de Almeida; Meirelles, Carlos; Bigatti, Gregorio; Penchaszadeh, Pablo. Description of the ootheca of Turbinella laevigata (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. April 2009, 52 (2): 359–364. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132009000200013 .
[4]
Goldberg, Julia; Bresseel, Joachim; Constant, Jerome; Kneubühler, Bruno; Leubner, Fanny; Michalik, Peter; Bradler, Sven. Extreme convergence in egg-laying strategy across insect orders. Scientific Reports. 16 January 2015, 5 (1): 7825. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E7825G. PMC 4648384 . PMID 25592976. doi:10.1038/srep07825.
[5]
Tee, Hui-Siang; Lee, Chow-Yang. Influences of Temperature and Ootheca Age on the Life History of the Cockroach Ootheca Parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 27 December 2016, 110 (1): 213–220. PMID 28028170. S2CID 7134811. doi:10.1093/jee/tow287.
[6]
Ootheca - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES). [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-11）.
[7]
Goldberg, Julia; Bresseel, Joachim; Constant, Jerome; Kneubühler, Bruno; Leubner, Fanny; Michalik, Peter; Bradler, Sven. Extreme convergence in egg-laying strategy across insect orders. Scientific Reports. 16 January 2015, 5 (1): 7825. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E7825G. PMC 4648384 . PMID 25592976. doi:10.1038/srep07825.
[8]
Insekten : [Autoren dieses Bd.: Kurt Günther ...].. Günther, Kurt., Petzsch, Hans., Deckert, Kurt., Mauersberger, Gottfried., Crome, Wolfgang. [Neuausg.], 1. Aufl. Leipzig [u.a.]: Urania-Verl. 1994. ISBN 3332004980. OCLC 61813597.
[9]
Keller, Laurent. The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Jae C. Choe , Bernard J. Crespi. The Quarterly Review of Biology. March 1998, 73 (1): 110–111. doi:10.1086/420149.

Photo of a madagascar hissing cockroach ootheca （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[:0-1] [1]
Brunet, P. C. J. The Formation of the Ootheca by Periplaneta americana : I. The Micro-anatomy and Histology of the posterior part of the Abdomen. Journal of Cell Science. 1 June 1951, s3–92 (18): 113–127 [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-29）.

[2] [2]
Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. 2005-05-16: 230. ISBN 9780521821490 （英语）.

[:2-3] [3]
Matthews-Cascon, Helena; Rocha-Barreira, Cristina de Almeida; Meirelles, Carlos; Bigatti, Gregorio; Penchaszadeh, Pablo. Description of the ootheca of Turbinella laevigata (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. April 2009, 52 (2): 359–364. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132009000200013 .

[:3-4] [4]
Goldberg, Julia; Bresseel, Joachim; Constant, Jerome; Kneubühler, Bruno; Leubner, Fanny; Michalik, Peter; Bradler, Sven. Extreme convergence in egg-laying strategy across insect orders. Scientific Reports. 16 January 2015, 5 (1): 7825. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E7825G. PMC 4648384 . PMID 25592976. doi:10.1038/srep07825.

[5] [5]
Tee, Hui-Siang; Lee, Chow-Yang. Influences of Temperature and Ootheca Age on the Life History of the Cockroach Ootheca Parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 27 December 2016, 110 (1): 213–220. PMID 28028170. S2CID 7134811. doi:10.1093/jee/tow287.

[6] [6]
Ootheca - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES). [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-11）.

[7] [7]
Goldberg, Julia; Bresseel, Joachim; Constant, Jerome; Kneubühler, Bruno; Leubner, Fanny; Michalik, Peter; Bradler, Sven. Extreme convergence in egg-laying strategy across insect orders. Scientific Reports. 16 January 2015, 5 (1): 7825. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E7825G. PMC 4648384 . PMID 25592976. doi:10.1038/srep07825.

[:1-8] [8]
Insekten : [Autoren dieses Bd.: Kurt Günther ...].. Günther, Kurt., Petzsch, Hans., Deckert, Kurt., Mauersberger, Gottfried., Crome, Wolfgang. [Neuausg.], 1. Aufl. Leipzig [u.a.]: Urania-Verl. 1994. ISBN 3332004980. OCLC 61813597.

[9] [9]
Keller, Laurent. The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids. Jae C. Choe , Bernard J. Crespi. The Quarterly Review of Biology. March 1998, 73 (1): 110–111. doi:10.1086/420149.

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卵鞘

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