动态HTML(Dynamic HTML,简称DHTML、DHML)指的是网页内容随着用户或计算机程序提供的参数而变化的HTML,通过结合HTML、客户端脚本语言(Client Side Script,如JavaScript)、串接样式表(CSS)和文档对象模型(DOM)来创建动态网页内容。
应用
动态HTML技术根据运行地点,分为客户端脚本(也称浏览器脚本)和服务器脚本。
- 客户端脚本
客户端脚本包括JavaScript技术。是指在某个页面中,通过鼠标点击或键盘操作,与网页产生交互动作;或者在特定时间激发某个事件。客户端脚本在用户的电脑系统里运行。常用于多媒体展示和远程脚本调用。 - 服务器脚本
服务器脚本包括ASP, ColdFusion, Perl, PHP, Ruby, WebDNA等技术,一般通过Common Gateway Interface (CGI)来产生动态页面。通过在HTML表单中填写数据,更改URL地址中的参数,更改浏览器的类型等,每次都可能产生不同的页面,称之为动态页面。
最常见的例子包括:
- 产生交互式表单
- 生成类似WebCT的e-learning交互式在线基础培训
- 创建基于浏览器的视频游戏
结构
一个典型的使用 DHTML 如下:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>DHTML example</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function init() {
myObj = document.getElementById("navigation");
// .... more code
}
window.onload=init;
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="navigation"></div>
<pre>
Often the code is stored in an external file; this is done by linking the file that contains the JavaScript.
This is helpful when several pages use the same script:
</pre>
<script type="text/javascript" src="myjavascript.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
示例
示例如下:[1]
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Test</title>
<style type="text/css">
h2 {background-color: lightblue; width: 100%}
a {font-size: larger; background-color: goldenrod}
a:hover {background-color: gold}
#example1 {display: none; margin: 3%; padding: 4%; background-color: limegreen}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function changeDisplayState (id) {
d=document.getElementById("showhide");
e=document.getElementById(id);
if (e.style.display == 'none' || e.style.display == "") {
e.style.display = 'block';
d.innerHTML = 'Hide example..............';
} else {
e.style.display = 'none';
d.innerHTML = 'Show example';
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>How to use a DOM function</h2>
<div><a id="showhide" href="javascript:changeDisplayState('example1')">Show example</a></div>
<div id="example1">
This is the example.
(Additional information, which is only displayed on request)...
</div>
<div>The general text continues...</div>
</body>
</html>
参考文献
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