亚美尼亚人

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亚美尼亚人（亚美尼亚语：Հայեր, hayer：[hɑˈjɛɾ]“哈亚斯坦”）是一个发源于高加索和安纳托利亚东部的民族和族群，属欧罗巴人种的阿尔卑斯人种或地中海人种类型。使用亚美尼亚语，分成许多方言，属印欧语系亚美尼亚语族。

亚美尼亚人 Հայեր Hayer
亚美尼亚国旗
总人口
约 7[1]–10 百万人[2]
分布地区
亚美尼亚     2,961,514[3][4]
俄罗斯	1,182,388[5]–2,900,000[6]
美国	1,000,366[7]–1,500,000[8]
法国	250,000[9]–750,000[10]
格鲁吉亚  •  阿布哈兹[note 1]	168,191[11] 41,864[12]
阿塞拜疆  •  阿尔察赫共和国[note 2]	146,573[13]
黎巴嫩	150,000[14]
伊朗	120,000[15]
德国	90,000–110,000[16]
叙利亚[note 3]	100,000[17]
乌克兰	100,000[18]
巴西	100,000[19][20]
希腊	80,000[21]
阿根廷	70,000[22]
土耳其	60,000[23]
加拿大	55,740[24]
波兰	50,000[25]
哈萨克斯坦	25,000 [26]
澳大利亚	16,723[27]
阿联酋	8,000 –10,000[28]
荷兰	5,689[n]–8,374[m] (2021)[29][30]
语言
亚美尼亚语
宗教信仰
基督宗教 亚美尼亚使徒教会 （主要） 亚美尼亚礼天主教会、新教 少数：穆斯林（赫姆辛人）
注释
^  n:  按法定国籍 ^  m:  按国籍、归化和后代背景

亚美尼亚人亦可指拥有亚美尼亚共和国国籍者，或亚美尼美境内的民族或族群。

大多数亚美尼亚人在宗教上属基督宗教亚美尼亚教会，这是历史上第一个成为国教的基督教派。由于两位使徒犹达·达陡和巴托罗缪的努力，基督教在亚美尼亚传播。如今亚美尼亚人700万人，除居住在亚美尼亚外，还分布在俄罗斯、阿塞拜疆、格鲁吉亚、美国、伊朗、法国、德国、乌克兰、黎巴嫩、巴西、叙利亚，其中俄罗斯是仅次于亚美尼亚的第二大亚美尼亚人聚居地，海外亚美尼亚人多于亚美尼亚共和国的亚美尼亚人。

亚美尼亚语有两种相互可理解的书面形式。文字是由4世纪末5世纪初由学者圣梅斯罗布创制的亚美尼亚字母，经修改，一直沿用至今。

亚美尼亚种族大屠杀

主条目：亚美尼亚种族大屠杀

在奥斯曼帝国政府首脑恩维尔帕夏、塔拉特帕夏、杰马尔帕夏等人的号召下，土耳其人于1915年至1917年间对其辖境内亚美尼亚人进行的种族灭绝。亚美尼亚人受害者数量达到150万之众。

土耳其政府至今拒绝承认这是一起土耳其官方发起的有预谋的种族灭绝行为，一些土耳其学者（如奥尔汉·帕穆克等）也持有相同观点。目前共有阿根廷、比利时、加拿大、法国、希腊、意大利、黎巴嫩、荷兰、俄罗斯、瑞典、德国、美国等数十个国家官方承认这是一场种族灭绝。欧洲议会也承认“亚美尼亚大屠杀”事件，称这宗屠杀为“违反人性的罪行”。联合国防止歧视和保护少数小组委员会也将事件定性为“种族灭绝”。^[31]

参考文献

1. different sources:

   • Dennis J.D. Sandole. Peace and Security in the Postmodern World: The OSCE and Conflict Resolution. Routledge. 24 January 2007: 182. ISBN 9781134145713. The nearly 3 million Armenians in Armenia (and 3–4 million in the Armenian Diaspora worldwide) "perceive" the nearly 8 million Azerbaijanis in Azerbaijan as "Turks."
   • McGoldrick, Monica; Giordano, Joe; Garcia-Preto, Nydia (编). Ethnicity and Family Therapy, Third Edition 3. Guilford Press. 18 August 2005: 439. ISBN 9781606237946. The impact of such a horror on a group who presently number approximately 6 million, worldwide, is incalculable.
   • Sargsyan, Gevorg; Balabanyan, Ani; Hankinson, Denzel. From Crisis to Stability in the Armenian Power Sector: Lessons Learned from Armenia's Energy Reform Experience illustrated. World Bank Publications. 1 January 2006: 18. ISBN 9780821365908. The country's estimated 3–6 million diaspora represent a major source of foreign direct investment in the country.
   • Arthur G. Sharp. The Everything Guide to the Middle East: Understand the people, the politics, and the culture of this conflicted region. Adams Media. 15 September 2011: 137. ISBN 9781440529122. Since the newly independent Republic of Armenia was declared in 1991, nearly 4 million of the world's 6 million Armenians have been living on the eastern edge of their Middle Eastern homeland.
2. different sources:

   • Von Voss, Huberta. Portraits of Hope: Armenians in the Contemporary World. New York: Berghahn Books. 2007: xxv. ISBN 9781845452575. ...there are some 8 million Armenians in the world...
   • Freedman, Jeri. The Armenian genocide. New York: Rosen Publishing Group. 2008: 52. ISBN 9781404218253. In contrast to its population of 3.2 million, approximately 8 million Armenians live in other countries of the world, including large communities in the America and Russia.
   • Guntram H. Herb, David H. Kaplan. Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview: A Global Historical Overview. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 2008: 1705. ISBN 9781851099085. A nation of some 8 million people, about 3 million of whom live in the newly independent post-Soviet state, Armenians are constantly battling not to lose their distinct culture, identity and the newly established statehood.
   • Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Struko. Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 2010: 50. ISBN 9780810854758.
   • Philander, S. George. Encyclopedia of global warming and climate change. Los Angeles: SAGE. 2008: 77. ISBN 9781412958783. An estimated 60 percent of the total 8 million Armenians worldwide live outside the country...
   • Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Strukov. Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 2010: 51. ISBN 9780810874602. Worldwide, there are more than 8 million Armenians; 3.2 million reside in the Republic of Armenia.
3. [1] 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期7 January 2019. հոկտեմբերի 12-21-ը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում անցկացված մարդահամարի արդյունքները (The results of the census conducted in October 2011 in the Republic of Armenia). pp 6-7. （亚美尼亚语）
4. Ministry of Culture of Armenia "The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Brief information" 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期10 October 2017.. As per the most recent census in 2011. "National minority" 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期16 February 2017..
5. National makeup of the population of the Russian Federation (Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. [5 January 2013]. （原始内容存档于5 January 2016） （俄语）.
6. Robert A. Saunders, Vlad Struko. Historical dictionary of the Russian Federation. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 2010: 50. ISBN 978-0-8108-5475-8.
7. Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau. [22 December 2012].
8. • Milliken, Mary. Armenian-American clout buys genocide breakthrough. Reuters. 12 October 2007 [5 December 2012]. （原始内容存档于5 November 2013）.
   • Barack Obama on the Importance of US-Armenia Relations. Armenian National Committee of America. 19 January 2008 [24 July 2012]. （原始内容存档于6 January 2013）.
9. Thon, Caroline. Armenians in Hamburg: an ethnographic exploration into the relationship between diaspora and success. Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. 2012: 25. ISBN 978-3-643-90226-9. 含有内容需登入查看的页面 (link)
10. Taylor, Tony. Denial: history betrayed. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Pub. 2008: 4. ISBN 978-0-522-85482-4.
11. National Statistics Office of Georgia (PDF). [24 May 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于5 February 2017）.
12. В Абхазии объявили данные переписи населения. Delfi. 29 December 2011 [20 August 2013]. （原始内容存档于28 July 2019） （俄语）. (According to the 2011 census).
13. Republic of Artsakh. Population estimates of NKR as of 01.01.2013. [20 February 2014]. （原始内容存档于21 May 2020）.
14. Gibney, Matthew J. Immigration and asylum: from 1900 to the present. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 2005: 13. ISBN 978-1-57607-796-2.
15. Vardanyan, Tamara. Իրանահայ համայնք. ճամպրուկային տրամադրություններ [The Iranian-Armenian community]. Noravank Foundation. 21 June 2007 [5 January 2013]. （原始内容存档于19 May 2020） （亚美尼亚语）.
16. Sargsyan, Babken. Գերմանիաիի հայ համայնքը [Armenian community of Germany]. 8 December 2012 [10 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于3 March 2016） （亚美尼亚语）.
17. The Virtual Museum of Armenian Diaspora. Ministry of Diaspora of the Republic of Armenia. [2014-02-19]. （原始内容存档于19 February 2014）.
18. The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue, Kiev: State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, 2001 [5 January 2013]^{[永久失效链接]}
19. Comunidade armênia prospera no Brasil, mas não abandona luta pela memória do massacre 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期10 June 2016.. By Breno Salvador. O Globo, 24 April 2015
20. Federal Senate of Brazil Recognizes Armenian Genocide. Armenian Weekly. 3 June 2015 [12 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于14 July 2015）.
21. Bedevyan, Astghik. Հունաստանի հայ համայնքը պատրաստվում է Հայաստանի նախագահի հետ հանդիպմանը [Armenian community of Greece preparing for the meeting with the Armenian president]. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Armenian Service. 18 January 2011 [10 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于3 March 2016） （亚美尼亚语）.
22. Ayvazyan 2003，第100页. sfn模板错误: 无指向目标: CITEREFAyvazyan2003 (帮助)
23. Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey. Today's Zaman. 15 December 2008 [5 January 2013]. （原始内容存档于20 May 2011）.
24. Canada National Household Survey, Statistics Canada, 2011 [20 August 2013], （原始内容存档于24 December 2018）. Of those, 31,075 reported single and 24,675 mixed Armenian ancestry.
25. Narodowy Spis Powszechny 2011 (Polish Census of 2011). Główny Urząd Statystyczny (Polish Central Statistical Office). 2011 [31 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于17 October 2015）.
26. Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года. Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан. [2020-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-08）.
27. The People of Australia – Statistics from the 2011 Census (PDF). Australian Government. 2014. ISBN 978-1-920996-23-9. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于14 July 2014）.
28. http://diaspora.gov.am/en/pages/41/uae. 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
29. CBS Statline. [2022-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-13）.
30. Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari. Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 22 July 2021 [16 January 2022]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-13） （荷兰语）.
31. Q&A: Armenian genocide dispute. BBC News. 2010-03-05 [2010-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2010-11-13）.

Notes

1. 阿布哈兹的地位存有争议。它认为自己是一个独立国家，但是只有极少数国家承认。格鲁吉亚政府及世界上绝大多数国家认为阿布哈兹是格鲁吉亚的一部分。在格鲁吉亚的行政区划中，阿布哈兹是一个自治共和国。
2. 阿尔扎赫共和国事实上是独立的，然而，它在国际上被视为阿塞拜疆的一部分。
3. 由于叙利亚内战，叙利亚亚美尼亚人的数量估计要低得多，因为这些是战前数字。