用户:Kitabc12345/Christianity and violence
维基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
Template:Criticism of Christianity sidebar
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SiegeofAntioch.jpeg/640px-SiegeofAntioch.jpeg)
Christians have had diverse attitudes towards violence and nonviolence over time. Both currently(英语:Christianity in the modern era) and historically, there have been four attitudes towards violence and war and four resulting practices of them within 中国基督教: non-resistance(英语:Nonresistance), Christian pacifism(英语:Christian pacifism), just war, and preventive war(英语:preventive war) (Holy war, e.g., the Crusades).[1] In the Roman Empire, the early church adopted a nonviolent stance when it came to war because the imitation of Jesus's sacrificial life was preferable to it.[2] The concept of "Just War", the belief that limited uses of war were acceptable, originated in the writings of earlier non-Christian Roman and Greek thinkers such as Cicero and Plato.[3][4] Later, this theory was adopted by Christian thinkers such as St Augustine, who like other Christians, borrowed much of the just war concept from Roman law and the works of Roman writers like Cicero.[5][6][7] Even though "Just War" concept was widely accepted early on, warfare was not regarded as a virtuous activity and expressing concern for the salvation of those who killed enemies in battle, regardless of the cause for which they fought, was common.[8] Concepts such as "Holy war", whereby fighting itself might be considered a penitential and spiritually meritorious act, did not emerge before the 11th century.[8][9]
基督徒向来对暴力和非暴力持不同态度。历来基督教内有四种对待暴力和战争的观点,以及相应作为:不抗拒、基督教和平主义、正义战争和预防战争(如十字军东征)。[1] 罗马帝国早期教会采取非暴力立场,视效法耶稣牺牲的生命为优先。[2] “正义战争”理念源于非基督教的罗马希腊思想家如西塞罗和柏拉图,后被基督教如圣奥古斯丁等思想家吸收。[3][4][5][6][7] 虽然“正义战争”观念早期广为接受,但战争仍被视为不美德,人们普遍关切战斗中杀敌者的灵魂。[8] “圣战”理念,即视战斗为有功德的赎罪行为,直到11世纪才出现。[8][9]