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奇蹄目
哺乳綱的一目 / 维基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
演化
Quick Facts 科学分类, 下属类群 ...
奇蹄目![]() | |
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左:平原斑马(马科);右上:印度犀(犀科);右下:南美貘(貘科) | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
大目: | 猛兽有蹄大目 Ferungulata |
演化支: | 泛真有蹄类 Pan-Euungulata |
上目: | 真有蹄上目 Euungulata |
演化支: | 泛奇蹄类 Panperissodactyla |
演化支: | 奇蹄形类 Perissodactylamorpha |
目: | 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla Owen, 1848 |
下属类群 | |
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奇蹄目动物是由古新世的踝节目动物演化而来。基本上从始新世开始分化,马科的祖先是早始新世的始祖马,犀牛与貘的祖先则为始新世的貘犀。
奇蹄目共有17或18个现生种,其中马科7种或8种(普氏野马是否与家马同种存有争议),犀科5种,貘科4种;化石种达200个。
下级分类
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- ?†伪齿兽科 Phenacodontidae
- ?†炭丘兽科 Anthracobunidae
- 马形亚目 Hippomorpha
- 獏形类 Tapiromorpha
- †等外脊貘科 Isectolophidae
- †爪兽亚目 Ancylopoda
- 角形亚目 Ceratomorpha
- 犀总科 Rhinocerotoidea
- †两栖犀科(英语:Amynodontidae) Amynodontidae
- †紧齿犀科(英语:Eggysodontidae) Eggysodontidae
- †柯氏犀科(英语:Forstercooperiidae) Forstercooperiidae
- †貘犀科 Hyrachyidae
- †跑犀科 Hyracodontidae
- †巨犀科(英语:Paraceratheriidae) Paraceratheriidae
- 犀科 Rhinocerotidae
- 貘总科 Tapiroidea
- 犀总科 Rhinocerotoidea
注释
参考文献
- Ravel, A. & Orliac, M.J. The inner ear morphology of the 'condylarthran' Hyopsodus lepidus. Historical Biology(英语:Historical Biology). 2014, 27 (8): 957–969. OCLC 5826387627. S2CID 84391276. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.915823.
- Wood, H.E. Perissodactyl suborders. Journal of Mammalogy(英语:Journal of Mammalogy). 1937, 18 (1): 106. OCLC 5787373142. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.1.106.
- Hooker, J.J. A primitive ceratomorph (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Early Tertiary of Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society(英语:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society). 1984, 82 (1–2): 229–244. OCLC 5154061536. S2CID 84633976. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1984.tb00545.x.
- Glossary | Perissodactyl. American Museum of Natural History. (原始内容存档于2021-11-20).
- What's in a Name? | Perissodactyl. American Museum of Natural History. (原始内容存档于2021-11-20).
- Holbrook, L.T. & Lapergola, J. A new genus of perissodactyl (Mammalia) from the Bridgerian of Wyoming, with comments on basal perissodactyl phylogeny (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2011, 31 (4): 895–901. JSTOR 25835883. OCLC 9984568698. S2CID 84351811. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.579669. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-04-25).
延伸阅读
- Martin S. Fischer: Mesaxonia (Perissodactyla) Perissodactyla. In: Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger (eds.): Systematic Zoology. Part 2: Vortex or craniotes. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg and Berlin 2004, pp 646–655, ISBN 3-8274-0307-3.
- Nowak, R.M. Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1999. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9. LCCN 98023686. OCLC 39045218. OL 363444M. NLC 000573089.
- Thomas S. Kemp:. The Origin & Evolution of Mammals Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005. ISBN 0-19-850761-5.
- AH Müller: Textbook of Paleozoology, Volume III: vertebrates, Part 3: Mammalia. 2nd edition. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena and Stuttgart 1989. ISBN 3-334-00223-3.
- Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. OL 3392515M. NLC 001238428.