门环,俗称响器,是安装在房屋大门上的拉手,并供叩门之用,中国门环也常被称为铺首或门钹,但严格说来铺首和门钹只是门环不同形式的底座。
![Thumb](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Doorknob_buddhist_temple_detail_amk.jpg/640px-Doorknob_buddhist_temple_detail_amk.jpg)
![Thumb](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Doorknocker_Florence.jpg/320px-Doorknocker_Florence.jpg)
门环常以金属制成,在中国古代有严格的等级规定,例如据《明史》记载:“亲王府四城正门以丹漆金钉铜环;公王府大门绿油铜环;百官第中公侯门用金漆兽面锡环;一二品官门绿油兽面锡环;三至五品官门黑油锡环;六至九品官门黑油铁环……”[1]
中国门环常以铺首或门钹作为底座。铺首为兽头状,例如椒图。门钹为钹状,周边有圆形、六角形、八角形等。世界其他各国的门环有以人像作为底座的。
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