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来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
铀衰变链又称镭衰变链,是原始放射性核素铀-238的衰变链,是自然界中现存的三大衰变链之一。该衰变链的起始核素为铀-238,半衰期长达44.68亿年,衰变产物包括以下几种元素的短寿命放射性同位素:钍、镤、镭、氡、钋、砹、铅、铋、铊和汞,它们都短暂或长期地存在于任何含有铀元素的矿藏、化合物或合金中。该衰变链的最终产物为稳定的铅-206。
本衰变链中的每个核素的质量数可以下式表示:A = 4n + 2,故本衰变链亦称为4n + 2系列。[1]
该链从铀-238衰变成铅-206所释放的总能量(包括放出中微子损失的能量)为51.7MeV。
核素 | 旧元素符号[2] | 旧称 | 衰变形式[3] | 半衰期 | 释放能量,MeV[3][a] | 衰变产物[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
250Cf | α | 13.08年 | 6.12844 | 246Cm | ||
246Cm | α | 4800年 | 5.47513 | 242Pu | ||
242Pu | α | 3.8·105年 | 4.98453 | 238U | ||
238U | UI | 铀I(Uranium I) | α | 4.468·109年 | 4.26975 | 234Th |
234Th | UX1 | 铀X1(Uranium X1) | β− | 24.10天 | 0.273088 | 234mPa |
234mPa | UX2, Bv | 铀X2(Uranium X2), Brevium | IT 0.16% β− 99.84% |
1.159分钟 | 0.07392 2.268205 |
234Pa 234U |
234Pa | UZ | 铀Z(Uranium Z) | β− | 6.70小时 | 2.194285 | 234U |
234U | UII | 铀II(Uranium II) | α | 2.45·105年 | 4.8698 | 230Th |
230Th | Io | 𰾭[b](Ionium) | α | 75400年 | 4.76975 | 226Ra |
226Ra | Ra | 镭(Radium) | α | 1600年 | 4.87062 | 222Rn |
222Rn | Rn | 镭射气(Radon;Radium Emanation) | α | 3.8235天 | 5.59031 | 218Po |
218Po | RaA | 镭A(Radium A) | α 99.980% β− 0.020% |
3.098分钟 | 6.11468 0.259913 |
214Pb 218At |
218At | α 99.9% β− 0.1% |
1.5秒 | 6.874 2.881314 |
214Bi 218Rn | ||
218Rn | α | 35毫秒 | 7.26254 | 214Po | ||
214Pb | RaB | 镭B(Radium B) | β− | 26.8分钟 | 1.019237 | 214Bi |
214Bi | RaC | 镭C(Radium C) | β− 99.979% α 0.021% |
19.9分钟 | 3.269857 5.62119 |
214Po 210Tl |
214Po | RaC' | 镭C'(Radium C') | α | 164.3微秒 | 7.83346 | 210Pb |
210Tl | RaC" | 镭C"(Radium C") | β− | 1.3分钟 | 5.48213 | 210Pb |
210Pb | RaD | 镭D(Radium D) | β− 100% α 1.9·10−6% |
22.20年 | 0.063487 3.7923 |
210Bi 206Hg |
210Bi | RaE | 镭E(Radium E) | β− 100% α 1.32·10−4% |
5.012天 | 1.161234 5.03647 |
210Po 206Tl |
210Po | RaF | 镭F(Radium F) | α | 138.376天 | 5.03647 | 206Pb |
206Hg | β− | 8.32分钟 | 1.307649 | 206Tl | ||
206Tl | RaE | 镭E(Radium E) | β− | 4.202分钟 | 1.5322211 | 206Pb |
206Pb | RaG[4] | 镭G(Radium G) | - | 稳定 | - | 无 |
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