边界流

边界流（英语：Boundary Current）是指在大陆边缘的洋流，因此其动力受海岸线的影响。边界流可分为两个不同的类别：西部边界流和东部边界流。

东部边界流

东部边界流位于大洋盆地的东侧（毗邻大陆的西海岸），其特性一般较浅、较宽而且流动缓慢。位于副热带的东部边界洋流是向赤道流动的，把冷水从高纬度地区输送到低纬度地区。本格拉洋流^[1]、加那利洋流^[2]、 洪堡洋流（英语：Humboldt Current）^[3] 和加利福尼亚洋流（英语：California Current）^[4]等均属于东部边界流。在这些地区的沿岸上升流，经常把富含海鲜的深水带入东部边界洋流区，使其成为海产丰富区域^[5][6]。

西部边界流

西部边界流则分为亚热带和低纬度西部边界流两种洋流。亚热带西部边界洋流是由于大环流的西环强化（英语：Western intensification）作用的，而在洋盆西侧形成的温暖、深、窄和快速流动的洋流，它们从热带向极地方向运送温水。墨西哥湾流^[7]、阿古拉斯洋流^[8]和黑潮^[9]等均属此种西部边界流。低纬度西部边界流类似于亚热带西部边界流，但将冷水从亚热带流向赤道方向。棉兰老岛洋流（英语：Mindanao Current）^[10]和巴西北部洋流（英语：North Brazil Current）^[11]等也属于此种西部边界流。^[12][13]。

参考文献

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2. M Knoll, A Hernández-Guerra, B Lenz, F López Laatzen, F Machı́n, T.J Müller, G Siedler (2002) The Eastern Boundary Current system between the Canary Islands and the African Coast,Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography,Volume 49, Issue 17,Pages 3427-3440,ISSN 0967-0645,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00105-4
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6. Rykaczewski, R. R., Dunne, J. P., Sydeman, W. J., García-Reyes, M., Black, B. A., and Bograd, S. J. (2015), Poleward displacement of coastal upwelling-favorable winds in the ocean's eastern boundary currents through the 21st century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 6424– 6431, doi:10.1002/2015GL064694
7. Charney J.G. (1990) The Gulf Stream as an Inertial Boundary Layer. In: Lindzen R.S., Lorenz E.N., Platzman G.W. (eds) The Atmosphere — A Challenge. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-944970-35-2_16
8. J.R.E. Lutjeharms, R. Catzel, H.R. Valentine,(1989) Eddies and other boundary phenomena of the Agulhas Current, Continental Shelf Research, Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 597-616,ISSN 0278-4343, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(89)90032-0.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0278434389900320)
9. Kathryn A. Kelly, R. Justin Small,R. M. Samelson, Bo Qiu, Terrence M. Joyce, Young-Oh Kwon, and Meghan F. Cronin (2010)Western Boundary Currents and Frontal Air–Sea Interaction: Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension Jour of Climate Vol. 23 Issue 21, p 5644-5667.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3346.1
10. Lukas, R., Firing, E., Hacker, P., Richardson, P. L., Collins, C. A., Fine, R., and Gammon, R. (1991), Observations of the Mindanao Current during the western equatorial Pacific Ocean circulation study, J. Geophys. Res., 96( C4), 7089– 7104, doi:10.1029/91JC00062
11. Müller, T. J., Ikeda, Y., Zangenberg, N., and Nonato, L. V. (1998), Direct measurements of western boundary currents off Brazil between 20°S and 28°S, J. Geophys. Res., 103( C3), 5429– 5437, doi:10.1029/97JC03529
12. Shiro Imawaki, Amy S. Bower, Lisa Beal, Bo Qiu,Chapter 13 - Western Boundary Currents,Editor(s): Gerold Siedler, Stephen M. Griffies, John Gould, John A. Church, International Geophysics,Academic Press, Volume 103, 2013, Pages 305-338, ISSN 0074-6142, ISBN 9780123918512,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00013-1.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123918512000131)
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