脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF,abrineurin[1])是人脑中的一种蛋白质,由脑源性神经营养因子基因生成。脑源性神经营养因子是神经营养因子中的一种,这种因子存在于人的神经系统中。
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BDNF是大脑中含量最丰富的蛋白质,在脑部可以促进神经元 (神经细胞) 的生长,也促进大脑神经细胞突触的成形。简单来说,就是大脑非常需要的营养蛋白质。
研究显示,在大脑中掌管记忆的海马回中含有特别丰富的 BDNF ,对于突触的生长以及长期记忆也非常重要。已经有许多国际研究显示,缺乏 BDNF 将可能造成一些认知障碍,例如阿兹海默症,此为常见的退化性失智症之一。
另外,若长期处于压力大或忧郁的状态,也可能会抑制大脑 BDNF 的分泌,影响记忆及认知功能,甚至于导致自律神经失调或海马回萎缩等更严重的问题。
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