碲（原子量：127.60(3)）有39种同位素与17种同核异构体，原子量介于104至142。其中，有八种同位素（120Te、122Te、123Te、124Te、125Te、126Te、128Te、130Te）存在于自然界。128Te和130Te有放射性，但半衰期都极长，分别为2.25×1024年和7.91×1020年。[3]碲最长寿的人造同位素则是半衰期19.31天的121Te，但诸如121mTe（半衰期164.7天）的同核异构体有更长的半衰期。
Quick Facts 同位素, 衰变 ...
主要的碲同位素
| 同位素
|
衰变
|
|
|
丰度
|
半衰期 (t1/2)
|
方式
|
能量
（MeV）
|
产物
|
| 120Te
|
0.09%
|
稳定，带68粒中子
|
| 122Te
|
2.55%
|
稳定，带70粒中子
|
| 123Te
|
0.89%
|
稳定，带71粒中子
|
| 124Te
|
4.74%
|
稳定，带72粒中子
|
| 125Te
|
7.07%
|
稳定，带73粒中子
|
| 126Te
|
18.84%
|
稳定，带74粒中子
|
| 128Te
|
31.74%
|
2.25×1024 年
|
β−β−
|
0.867
|
128Xe
|
| 129mTe
|
人造
|
33.6 天
|
IT
|
0.106
|
129Te
|
| β−
|
1.608
|
129I
|
| 130Te
|
34.08%
|
7.71×1020 年[1]
|
β−β−
|
2.528
|
130Xe
|
| 132Te
|
人造
|
3.204 天
|
β−
|
1.498
|
132I
| |
| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) | |
|---|
|
|
|
Close
放射性同位素128Te和130Te是碲最常见的两种同位素。碲与铟、铼一样都是放射性同位素的丰度比稳定同位素的丰度大的例子。
有团队报告称已发现123Te的电子捕获，但他们之后的测量结果否认了这点。[4]123Te的半衰期至少为9.2×1016年。[4]
More information 符号, Z ...
| 符号
|
Z
|
N
|
同位素质量（u）
[n 1][n 2]
|
半衰期
[n 1][n 2][n 3]
|
衰变
方式[5]
|
衰变
产物
[n 4]
|
原子核
自旋[n 1]
|
相对丰度
（莫耳分率）[n 2]
|
相对丰度
的变化量
（莫耳分率）
|
| 激发能量[n 2]
|
| 104Te[6]
|
52
|
52
|
|
<18 ns
|
α
|
100Sn
|
0+
|
|
|
| 105Te
|
52
|
53
|
104.94364(54)#
|
620(70) ns
|
α
|
101Sn
|
5/2+#
|
|
|
| 106Te
|
52
|
54
|
105.93750(14)
|
70(20) µs
[70(+20-10) µs]
|
α
|
102Sn
|
0+
|
|
|
| 107Te
|
52
|
55
|
106.93501(32)#
|
3.1(1) ms
|
α (70%)
|
103Sn
|
5/2+#
|
|
|
| β+ (30%)
|
107Sb
|
| 108Te
|
52
|
56
|
107.92944(11)
|
2.1(1) s
|
β+ (51%)
|
108Sb
|
0+
|
|
|
| α (49%)
|
104Sn
|
| β+, p (2.4%)
|
107Sn
|
| β+, α (.065%)
|
104In
|
| 109Te
|
52
|
57
|
108.92742(7)
|
4.6(3) s
|
β+ (86.99%)
|
109Sb
|
(5/2+)
|
|
|
| β+, p (9.4%)
|
108Sn
|
| α (7.9%)
|
105Sn
|
| β+, α (.005%)
|
105In
|
| 110Te
|
52
|
58
|
109.92241(6)
|
18.6(8) s
|
β+ (99.99%)
|
110Sb
|
0+
|
|
|
| β+, p (.003%)
|
109Sn
|
| 111Te
|
52
|
59
|
110.92111(8)
|
19.3(4) s
|
β+
|
111Sb
|
(5/2)+#
|
|
|
| β+, p （不常见）
|
110Sn
|
| 112Te
|
52
|
60
|
111.91701(18)
|
2.0(2) min
|
β+
|
112Sb
|
0+
|
|
|
| 113Te
|
52
|
61
|
112.91589(3)
|
1.7(2) min
|
β+
|
113Sb
|
(7/2+)
|
|
|
| 114Te
|
52
|
62
|
113.91209(3)
|
15.2(7) min
|
β+
|
114Sb
|
0+
|
|
|
| 115Te
|
52
|
63
|
114.91190(3)
|
5.8(2) min
|
β+
|
115Sb
|
7/2+
|
|
|
| 115m1Te
|
10(7) keV
|
6.7(4) min
|
β+
|
115Sb
|
(1/2)+
|
|
|
| IT
|
115Te
|
| 115m2Te
|
280.05(20) keV
|
7.5(2) µs
|
|
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| 116Te
|
52
|
64
|
115.90846(3)
|
2.49(4) h
|
β+
|
116Sb
|
0+
|
|
|
| 117Te
|
52
|
65
|
116.908645(14)
|
62(2) min
|
β+
|
117Sb
|
1/2+
|
|
|
| 117mTe
|
296.1(5) keV
|
103(3) ms
|
IT
|
117Te
|
(11/2-)
|
|
|
| 118Te
|
52
|
66
|
117.905828(16)
|
6.00(2) d
|
ε
|
118Sb
|
0+
|
|
|
| 119Te
|
52
|
67
|
118.906404(9)
|
16.05(5) h
|
β+
|
119Sb
|
1/2+
|
|
|
| 119mTe
|
260.96(5) keV
|
4.70(4) d
|
β+ (99.99%)
|
119Sb
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| IT (.008%)
|
119Te
|
| 120Te
|
52
|
68
|
119.90402(1)
|
观测上稳定[n 5]
|
0+
|
9(1)×10−4
|
|
| 121Te
|
52
|
69
|
120.904936(28)
|
19.16(5) d
|
β+
|
121Sb
|
1/2+
|
|
|
| 121mTe
|
293.991(22) keV
|
154(7) d
|
IT (88.6%)
|
121Te
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| β+ (11.4%)
|
121Sb
|
| 122Te
|
52
|
70
|
121.9030439(16)
|
稳定
|
0+
|
0.0255(12)
|
|
| 123Te
|
52
|
71
|
122.9042700(16)
|
观测上稳定[n 6]
|
1/2+
|
0.0089(3)
|
|
| 123mTe
|
247.47(4) keV
|
119.2(1) d
|
IT
|
123Te
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| 124Te
|
52
|
72
|
123.9028179(16)
|
稳定
|
0+
|
0.0474(14)
|
|
| 125Te[n 7]
|
52
|
73
|
124.9044307(16)
|
稳定
|
1/2+
|
0.0707(15)
|
|
| 125mTe
|
144.772(9) keV
|
57.40(15) d
|
IT
|
125Te
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| 126Te
|
52
|
74
|
125.9033117(16)
|
稳定
|
0+
|
0.1884(25)
|
|
| 127Te[n 7]
|
52
|
75
|
126.9052263(16)
|
9.35(7) h
|
β−
|
127I
|
3/2+
|
|
|
| 127mTe
|
88.26(8) keV
|
109(2) d
|
IT (97.6%)
|
127Te
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| β− (2.4%)
|
127I
|
| 128Te[n 7][n 8]
|
52
|
76
|
127.9044631(19)
|
2.2(3)×1024 a[n 9]
|
β−β−
|
128Xe
|
0+
|
0.3174(8)
|
|
| 128mTe
|
2790.7(4) keV
|
370(30) ns
|
|
|
10+
|
|
|
| 129Te[n 7]
|
52
|
77
|
128.9065982(19)
|
69.6(3) min
|
β−
|
129I
|
3/2+
|
|
|
| 129mTe
|
105.50(5) keV
|
33.6(1) d
|
|
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| 130Te[n 7][n 8]
|
52
|
78
|
129.9062244(21)
|
790(100)×1018 a
|
β−β−
|
130Xe
|
0+
|
0.3408(62)
|
|
| 130m1Te
|
2146.41(4) keV
|
115(8) ns
|
|
|
(7)-
|
|
|
| 130m2Te
|
2661(7) keV
|
1.90(8) µs
|
|
|
(10+)
|
|
|
| 130m3Te
|
4375.4(18) keV
|
261(33) ns
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 131Te[n 7]
|
52
|
79
|
130.9085239(21)
|
25.0(1) min
|
β−
|
131I
|
3/2+
|
|
|
| 131mTe
|
182.250(20) keV
|
30(2) h
|
β− (77.8%)
|
131I
|
11/2-
|
|
|
| IT (22.2%)
|
131Te
|
| 132Te[n 7]
|
52
|
80
|
131.908553(7)
|
3.204(13) d
|
β−
|
132I
|
0+
|
|
|
| 133Te
|
52
|
81
|
132.910955(26)
|
12.5(3) min
|
β−
|
133I
|
(3/2+)
|
|
|
| 133mTe
|
334.26(4) keV
|
55.4(4) min
|
β− (82.5%)
|
133I
|
(11/2-)
|
|
|
| IT (17.5%)
|
133Te
|
| 134Te
|
52
|
82
|
133.911369(11)
|
41.8(8) min
|
β−
|
134I
|
0+
|
|
|
| 134mTe
|
1691.34(16) keV
|
164.1(9) ns
|
|
|
6+
|
|
|
| 135Te[n 10]
|
52
|
83
|
134.91645(10)
|
19.0(2) s
|
β−
|
135I
|
(7/2-)
|
|
|
| 135mTe
|
1554.88(17) keV
|
510(20) ns
|
|
|
(19/2-)
|
|
|
| 136Te
|
52
|
84
|
135.92010(5)
|
17.63(8) s
|
β− (98.7%)
|
136I
|
0+
|
|
|
| β−, n (1.3%)
|
135I
|
| 137Te
|
52
|
85
|
136.92532(13)
|
2.49(5) s
|
β− (97.01%)
|
137I
|
3/2-#
|
|
|
| β−, n (2.99%)
|
136I
|
| 138Te
|
52
|
86
|
137.92922(22)#
|
1.4(4) s
|
β− (93.7%)
|
138I
|
0+
|
|
|
| β−, n (6.3%)
|
137I
|
| 139Te
|
52
|
87
|
138.93473(43)#
|
500 ms
[>300 ns]#
|
β−
|
139I
|
5/2-#
|
|
|
| β−, n
|
138I
|
| 140Te
|
52
|
88
|
139.93885(32)#
|
300 ms
[>300 ns]#
|
β−
|
140I
|
0+
|
|
|
| β−, n
|
139I
|
| 141Te
|
52
|
89
|
140.94465(43)#
|
100 ms
[>300 ns]#
|
β−
|
141I
|
5/2-#
|
|
|
| β−, n
|
140I
|
| 142Te
|
52
|
90
|
141.94908(64)#
|
50 ms
[>300 ns]#
|
β−
|
142I
|
0+
|
|
|
Close
画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 120Sn with a half-life over 2.2×1016 years Believed to undergo β+ decay to 123Sb with a half-life over 9.2×1016 years Longest measured half-life of any nuclide
Very short-lived fission product, responsible for the iodine pit as precursor of 135Xe via 135I
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
