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来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
生成器模式(英:Builder Pattern)是一种设计模式,又名:建造模式,是一种对象构建模式。它可以将复杂对象的建造过程抽象出来(抽象类别),使这个抽象过程的不同实现方法可以构造出不同表现(属性)的对象。
在以下情况使用生成器模式:
客户创建Director对象,并用它所想要的Builder对象进行配置。
/** "Product" */
class Pizza {
private String dough = "";
private String sauce = "";
private String topping = "";
public void setDough (String dough) { this.dough = dough; }
public void setSauce (String sauce) { this.sauce = sauce; }
public void setTopping (String topping) { this.topping = topping; }
}
''/** "Abstract Builder" */''
abstract class PizzaBuilder {
protected Pizza pizza;
public Pizza getPizza() { return pizza; }
public void createNewPizzaProduct() { pizza = new Pizza(); }
public abstract void buildDough();
public abstract void buildSauce();
public abstract void buildTopping();
}
/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class HawaiianPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
public void buildDough() { pizza.setDough("cross"); }
public void buildSauce() { pizza.setSauce("mild"); }
public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("ham+pineapple"); }
}
/** "ConcreteBuilder" */
class SpicyPizzaBuilder extends PizzaBuilder {
public void buildDough() { pizza.setDough("pan baked"); }
public void buildSauce() { pizza.setSauce("hot"); }
public void buildTopping() { pizza.setTopping("pepperoni+salami"); }
}
''/** "Director" */''
class Waiter {
private PizzaBuilder pizzaBuilder;
public void setPizzaBuilder (PizzaBuilder pb) { pizzaBuilder = pb; }
public Pizza getPizza() { return pizzaBuilder.getPizza(); }
public void constructPizza() {
pizzaBuilder.createNewPizzaProduct();
pizzaBuilder.buildDough();
pizzaBuilder.buildSauce();
pizzaBuilder.buildTopping();
}
}
/** A customer ordering a pizza. */
class BuilderExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Waiter waiter = new Waiter();
PizzaBuilder hawaiianPizzabuilder = new HawaiianPizzaBuilder();
PizzaBuilder spicyPizzabuilder = new SpicyPizzaBuilder();
waiter.setPizzaBuilder ( hawaiianPizzabuilder );
waiter.constructPizza();
Pizza pizza = waiter.getPizza();
}
}
<?php
//設計模式:生成器模式
//Coder: rollenc ( http://www.rollenc.com )
interface Builder {
function buildPartA(); //创建部件A比如创建汽车车轮
//创建部件B 比如创建汽车方向盘
function buildPartB();
//创建部件C 比如创建汽车发动机
function buildPartC();
//返回最后组装成品结果 (返回最后装配好的汽车)
//成品的组装过程不在这里进行,而是转移到下面的Director类中进行.
//从而实现了解耦过程和部件
//return Product
function getResult();
}
class Director {
private $builder;
public function __construct($builder ) {
$this->builder = $builder;
}
// 将部件partA partB partC最后组成复杂对象
//这里是将车轮 方向盘和发动机组装成汽车的过程
public function construct() {
$this->builder->buildPartA();
$this->builder->buildPartB();
$this->builder->buildPartC();
}
}
class ConcreteBuilder implements Builder {
public $partA, $partB, $partC;
public function buildPartA() {
echo 'partA is builded' . "\n";
}
public function buildPartB() {
echo 'partB is builded' . "\n";
}
public function buildPartC() {
echo 'partC is builded' . "\n";
}
public function getResult () {
echo 'Return product.' . "\n";
return 1;
}
}
$builder = new ConcreteBuilder();
$director = new Director( $builder );
$director->construct();
$product = $builder->getResult();
?>
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Product{
public:
string ProductName;
};
class ProductA: public Product{
public:
inline ProductA(void): ProductName("ProductA"){}
};
class ProductB:public Product{
public:
inline ProductB(void): ProductName("ProductB"){}
}
class Creator{
public:
inline Product *CreateProduct(void){
return DoCreateProduct();
}
protected:
virtual Product *DoCreateProduct(void)=0;
};
class CreatorA: public Creator{
public:
inline Product *DoCreateProduct(void)override{
return new ProductA;
}
};
class CreatorB: public Creator{
public:
inline Product *DoCreateProduct(void)override{
return new ProductB;
}
};
int main(int argc, char **argv){
Creator *creator=new CreatorA;
Product *product=creator->CreateProduct();
cout<<product->ProductName<<endl;//"ProductA"
delete creator;
delete product;
creator=new CreatorB;
product=creator->CreateProduct();
cout<<product->ProductName<<endl;//"ProductB"
delete creator;
delete product;
return 0;
}
抽象工厂模式与生成器相似,因为它也可以创建复杂对象。主要的区别是生成器模式着重于一步步构造一个复杂对象。而抽象工厂模式着重于多个系列的产品对象(简单的或是复杂的)。生成器在最后的一步返回产品,而对于抽象工厂来说,产品是立即返回的。
组合模式通常是用生成器生成的。
设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础
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