氢氧化金(III)通常指含 Au3+ 的溶液(如三氯化金溶液)与碱(如氢氧化钠)反应生成的黄棕色沉淀,其化学式为 Au2O3.xH2O[6]。它也可以由碳酸盐溶液与浓 [AuCl4]− 溶液反应得到。
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在五氧化二磷干燥下,氢氧化金(III)生成AuO(OH)。140°C失去水得到 Au2O3。它是两性氢氧化物,可溶于大多数酸,也可溶于过量强碱溶液形成 [Au(OH)4]− 离子。易还原成金属金,被用于镀金、陶瓷着色等。
氢氧化金可以由氯金酸和如氢氧化钠的碱反应而成:[7]
- HAuCl4 + 4NaOH → Au(OH)3 + 4NaCl + H2O
氢氧化金和氨反应生成爆炸性的雷金。[8]
Daisuke Kawamoto, Hiroaki Ando, Hironori Ohashi, Yasuhiro Kobayashi, Tetsuo Honma, Tamao Ishida, Makoto Tokunaga, Yoshihiro Okaue, Satoshi Utsunomiya, Takushi Yokoyama: Structure of a Gold(III) Hydroxide and Determination of Its Solubility. In: Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 89, 2016, S. 1385, doi:10.1246/bcsj.20160228.
William M. Haynes, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th Edition, CRC Press: 97, 2016, ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3
Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Ed., Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
Kawamoto, Daisuke; Ando, Hiroaki; Ohashi, Hironori; Kobayashi, Yasuhiro; Honma, Tetsuo; Ishida, Tamao; Tokunaga, Makoto; Okaue, Yoshihiro; Utsunomiya, Satoshi; Yokoyama, Takushi. Structure of a Gold(III) Hydroxide and Determination of Its Solubility. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (The Chemical Society of Japan). 2016-11-15, 89 (11): 1385–1390. ISSN 0009-2673. doi:10.1246/bcsj.20160228.