麻疯树属

麻疯树属（学名：Jatropha）也称麻风树属，是大戟科下大戟属被子植物的一个属。它包含约170多种植物，为多肉植物、灌木和树木（有些为落叶植物，如桐油树）。该属分布于热带和亚热带地区。^[2]其中大部分原产于美洲，在旧大陆有66种^[3]。植物生产单独的雄花和雌花。 与大戟科的许多成员一样，麻风树含有剧毒的化合物。 传统上，麻风树品种已用于制篮，制革和染料生产。 在2000年代，一种麻疯树桐油树（Jatropha curcas）引起了作为生物柴油生产的油料作物的兴趣。

麻疯树属
全缘叶珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目：	金虎尾目 Malpighiales
科：	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
亚科：	巴豆亚科 Crotonoideae
族：	麻疯树族 Jatropheae
属：	麻疯树属 Jatropha L., 1753[1]
物种
约170个，见文中。

属名Jatropha源于希腊语itros（医生）和trophe（食物）的合成词，指本属植物多为药用。

物种

本属包括以下物种：

• Jatropha acanthophylla Loefgr.
• Jatropha aceroides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Hutch.
• Jatropha aculeatissima Colla
• Jatropha aethiopica Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha afrotuberosa Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts
• Jatropha alamanii Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha andrieuxii Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha angustidens Brandegee, 1891
• Jatropha angustifolia Griseb.
• Jatropha angustifolia Steud.
• Jatropha arborea Glaz.
• Jatropha aspleniifolia Pax
• Jatropha atacorensis A.Chev.
• Jatropha augusti Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha bartlettii Wilbur
• Jatropha baumii Pax
• 锦珊瑚 Jatropha berlandieri Torr., 1859，为Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.的异名
• Jatropha botswanica Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha breviloba (Morong) Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha brockmanii Hutch.
• Jatropha bullockii E.J.Lott
• Jatropha calcarea Fern.Casas
• Jatropha calyculata Vahl ex Steud.
• Jatropha campestris S.Moore
• Jatropha canescens (Benth.) Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha capensis (L.f.) Sond.
• Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha cathartica Terán & Berland.
• Jatropha catingae Ule
• Jatropha chamelensis Pérez-Jim.
• Jatropha chazaroi O.Sanchez, J.Jimenez Ram. & Arzaba, 2023
• Jatropha chevalieri Beille
• Jatropha ciliata Sessé
• Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha clavuligera Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha cleomifolia Müll.Arg., 1874
• Jatropha cluytioides Pax & K.Hoffm., 1910
• Jatropha collina Thulin
• Jatropha confusa Hutch.
• Jatropha contrerasii J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
• Jatropha conzattii J.Jiménez Ram.
• Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha costaricensis G.L.Webster & Poveda
• Jatropha crinita Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha cuneata Wiggins & Rollins
• 桐油树 Jatropha curcas L.，麻风树
• Jatropha decipiens M.E.Jones
• Jatropha decumbens Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha dehganii J.Jiménez Ram.
• Jatropha dhofarica Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha dichtar J.F.Macbr.
• Jatropha dioica Sessé
• Jatropha dioica Sessé ex Cerv.
• Jatropha dissecta (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
• Jatropha divaricata Sw.
• Jatropha diversifolia Steud.
• Jatropha elbae J.Jiménez Ram.
• Jatropha ellenbeckii Pax
• Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Oken
• Jatropha elliptica Müll.Arg., 1874
• Jatropha erythropoda Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha euarguta M.G.Gilbert & Thulin
• Jatropha excisa Griseb.
• Jatropha fischeri Steud.
• Jatropha fremontioides Standl.
• Jatropha gallabatensis Schweinf.
• Jatropha galvanii J.Jiménez Ram. & L.M.Contr.
• Jatropha gaumeri Greenm.
• Jatropha giffordiana Dehgan & G.L.Webster
• Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.
• Jatropha glauca Vahl
• Jatropha glaucovirens Pax & K.Hoffm.
• 棉叶珊瑚花 Jatropha gossypiifolia L.
• Jatropha grossidentata Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha guaranitica Speg.
• Jatropha hastata Griseb.
• Jatropha hernandiifolia Vent.
• Jatropha heynei N.P.Balakr.
• Jatropha hieronymi Kuntze
• Jatropha hildebrandtii Pax
• Jatropha hildebrandtii Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha hippocastanifolia Croizat
• Jatropha hirsuta Hochst.
• Jatropha horizontalis M.G.Gilbert
• Jatropha humboldtiana McVaugh
• Jatropha humifusa Thulin
• Jatropha hypogyna Radcl.-Sm. & Thulin
• Jatropha inaequispina Thulin
• 琴叶珊瑚 Jatropha integerrima Jacq.
• Jatropha intermedia (Chodat & Hassl.) Pax
• Jatropha isabellei Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha jaimejimenezii V.W.Steinm.
• Jatropha kamerunica Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha krusei J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
• Jatropha laciniosa Mart., 1874
• Jatropha lagarinthoides Sond.
• Jatropha latifolia Pax
• Jatropha loeflingii Aresch.
• Jatropha longibracteata A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020^[4]
• Jatropha loristipula Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha macrantha Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha macrocarpa Griseb.
• Jatropha macrophylla Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha macrorhiza Benth.
• Jatropha mahafalensis Jum. & H.Perrier
• Jatropha maheshwarii Subram. & M.P.Nayar
• Jatropha malacophylla Standl.
• Jatropha marginata Chiov.
• Jatropha marmorata Thulin
• Jatropha martiusii (Pohl) Baill.
• Jatropha mcvaughii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
• Jatropha melanosperma Pax
• Jatropha microdonta Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha mirandana J.Jiménez Ram. & K.Vega
• Jatropha miskatensis Thulin
• Jatropha mollis Pax
• Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill.
• Jatropha moluccana Wall., 1847
• Jatropha monroi S.Moore
• Jatropha moranii Dehgan & G.L.Webster
• 珊瑚花 Jatropha multifida L.，红珊瑚
• Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill.
• Jatropha nana Dalzell & A.Gibson
• Jatropha napaeifolia Desr., 1797
• Jatropha natalensis Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha neopauciflora Pax
• Jatropha neriifolia Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha nibifolia Baill.
• Jatropha nogalensis Chiov.
• Jatropha nudicaulis Benth.
• Jatropha oaxacana J.Jiménez Ram. & R.Torres
• Jatropha obbiadensis Chiov.
• Jatropha oblanceolata Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha orangeana Dinter ex P.G.Mey.
• Jatropha ortegae Standl.
• Jatropha osteocarpa Schott ex Pohl, 1827
• Jatropha pachypoda Pax
• Jatropha pachyrrhiza Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha paganuccii A.S.Moreira & Carn.-Torres, 2020^[4]
• Jatropha palmatifida Baker
• Jatropha palmatipartita Dehgan
• Jatropha palustris Sessé & Moc.
• Jatropha panduraefolia Andri
• Jatropha paradoxa (Chiov.) Chiov.
• Jatropha pauciflora C.Wright ex Griseb.
• Jatropha paviaefolia Steud., 1840
• Jatropha paxii Croizat
• Jatropha pedersenii Lourteig
• Jatropha peiranoi Lourteig & O'Donell
• Jatropha pelargoniifolia Courbon
• Jatropha peltata Sessé
• Jatropha pereziae J.Jiménez Ram.
• Jatropha phillipseae Rendle
• 佛肚树 Jatropha podagrica Hook.
• Jatropha prunifolia Pax
• Jatropha prunifolia Pax ex Engl.
• Jatropha pseudocurcas Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha purpura Rose & Pax
• Jatropha purpurea Rose
• Jatropha purpureorostata Steud., 1840
• Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill.
• Jatropha riojae Miranda
• Jatropha rivae Pax
• Jatropha robecchii Pax
• Jatropha rosea Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha rufescens Brandegee
• Jatropha rzedowskii J.Jiménez Ram.
• Jatropha scaposa Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha schlechteri Pax
• Jatropha schweinfurthii Pax
• Jatropha seineri Pax
• Jatropha somalensis Pax
• Jatropha sotoi-nunyezii Fern.Casas & E.Martínez
• Jatropha spicata Pax
• Jatropha spinosa Vahl
• Jatropha spinosissima Thulin
• Jatropha standleyi Steyerm.
• Jatropha standleyi Steyerm. ex Standl., 1940
• Jatropha stephani J.Jiménez Ram. & Mart.Gord.
• Jatropha stevensii G.L.Webster
• Jatropha stipulacea Müll.Arg.
• Jatropha stuhlmannii Pax
• Jatropha subaequiloba Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha sympetala S.F.Blake & Standl.
• Jatropha tanjorensis J.L.Ellis & Saroja
• Jatropha tehuantepecana J.Jiménez Ram. & A.Campos Vilb.
• Jatropha tenuicaulis Thulin
• Jatropha tertiaria Berry, 1929
• Jatropha tetracantha Chiov.
• Jatropha tirucalli L.
• Jatropha tlalcozotitlanensis J.Jiménez Ram.
• Jatropha trifida Chiov.
• Jatropha tropaeolifolia Pax
• Jatropha tupifolia Griseb.
• Jatropha uncinulata Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha unicostata Balf.f.
• Jatropha urens Kunth, 1817
• Jatropha variabilis Radcl.-Sm.
• Jatropha variegata Vahl
• Jatropha variifolia Pax
• Jatropha velutina Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha vernicosa Brandegee
• Jatropha villosa Wight
• Jatropha viminea Retz. ex Steud.
• Jatropha weberbaueri Pax & K.Hoffm.
• Jatropha websteri J.Jiménez Ram.
• Jatropha weddeliana Baill.
• Jatropha woodii Kuntze
• Jatropha zeyheri Sond.

杂交种：

• Jatropha ×ceballosii Fern.Casas
• Jatropha ×hastifolia Fern.Casas

归入本属的物种：

• Adenoropium coccinea Steud., 1840
• Adenoropium forskohlii Pohl
• Curcas adansonii Endl. ex Heynh., 1846

图片

• 
  在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花。
• 
  在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida植物。
• 
  在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花与蓝色蝴蝶。
• 
  在尼加拉瓜，马那瓜，El Crucero的麻风树multifida花和叶子。
• 
  Jatropha integerrima
• 
  珊瑚油桐
• 
  Jatropha pandurifolia
• 
  珊瑚油桐的特写

参考文献

1. Genus: Jatropha L. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05 [2010-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-28）.
2. 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. [2012-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）.
3. Heller, Joachim. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops Volume 1: Physic Nut, Jatropha Curcas L.. Bioversity International. 1996: 7. ISBN 9789290432784.
4. Ariane dos Santos Moreira, José Florencio Cerqueira Oliveira, Inês Cordeiro and Daniela Santos Carneiro Torres. 2020. Two New Species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) from Limestone Outcrops in Brazilian Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Phytotaxa. 451(1); 73–82. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.6