拉格朗日力学时常涉及广义位势,因为拉格朗日量 L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}\,\!} 的广义式定义包含了广义位势: L = T − V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}=T-{\mathcal {V}}\,\!} ; 其中, V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}\,\!} 是广义位势, T {\displaystyle T\,\!} 是动能。 定义广义位势为一个函数, V = V ( q 1 , q 2 , … , q N , q ˙ 1 , q ˙ 2 , … , q ˙ N , t ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}={\mathcal {V}}(q_{1},\ q_{2},\ \dots ,\ q_{N},\ {\dot {q}}_{1},\ {\dot {q}}_{2},\ \dots ,\ {\dot {q}}_{N},\ t)\,\!} , 满足下述与广义力 F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\,\!} 的关系: F i = − ∂ V ∂ q i + d d t ( ∂ V ∂ q i ˙ ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{i}=-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {V}}}{\partial q_{i}}}+{\frac {d}{dt}}\left({\frac {\partial {\mathcal {V}}}{\partial {\dot {q_{i}}}}}\right)\,\!} ; 其中, q i {\displaystyle q_{i}\,\!} 是广义坐标, q i ˙ {\displaystyle {\dot {q_{i}}}\,\!} 是广义速度, t {\displaystyle t\,\!} 是时间。 假若一个物理系统满足上述关系,此系统是单演系统。 假若一个单演系统的广义位势只跟广义坐标有关, V = V ( q 1 , q 2 , … , q N ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}={\mathcal {V}}(q_{1},\ q_{2},\ \dots ,\ q_{N})\,\!} ,则此系统是保守系统。广义力与广义位势的关系是 F i = − ∂ V ∂ q i {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{i}=-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {V}}}{\partial q_{i}}}\,\!} 。 参阅 拉格朗日力学 哈密顿力学 Wikiwand in your browser!Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.Wikiwand for ChromeWikiwand for EdgeWikiwand for Firefox
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