![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2595%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%252C_1759%252C_%25D1%2583%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%258B-%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D1%258Bvs%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2587%25D0%25B6%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE-%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B-%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2586%25D1%258B.jpg/640px-%25D0%25A1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2595%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%252C_1759%252C_%25D1%2583%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%258B-%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D1%258Bvs%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2587%25D0%25B6%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE-%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B-%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2586%25D1%258B.jpg&w=640&q=50)
大小和卓之乱
维基百科,自由的 encyclopedia
大小和卓之乱,是乾隆二十二年(1757年)新疆回部白山派首领波罗尼都[2]、霍集占兄弟发动的反叛,清代文献称之为平定回部。两人出自中亚费尔干纳地区伊斯兰教苏菲派的分支白山派和卓家族,故人称波罗尼都为“大和卓”,霍集占为“小和卓”。乾隆二十年(1755年)清廷发兵灭准噶尔后,将被准噶尔囚禁的大小和卓兄弟释放,派波罗尼都随军招抚西域天山南路各地。不久定边左副将军阿睦尔撒纳反叛,大小和卓乘机控制了今新疆西南部一带。乾隆二十二年(1757年),霍集占杀死副都统阿敏道,公然举兵自立。次年(1758年),乾隆皇帝发兵征讨大小和卓,清军在库车、叶尔羌(今莎车)、和阗等地与大小和卓交战。乾隆二十四年(1759年),大小和卓西逃,经葱岭进入巴达克山(在今阿富汗东北部)境内。霍集占受伤身亡,波罗尼都被巴达克山首领素勒坦沙(Sulṭān Shāh)擒杀,战事结束。平定大小和卓之乱是乾隆皇帝的十全武功之一,自此天山南路重新纳入中国版图。