艾德温·史密斯纸草文稿是现存的最早的医学文稿之一,且有可能是最早尝试描述分析人类大脑的文稿,基于这点可以认为是神经科学的鼻祖。但是医学史学家认为古埃及的药理学大多没有效果。[24] 根据一份Michael D. Parkins发表的论文来看,赫斯特纸草中记载有260个药方,其中72%不含有疗效的成分[25] Michael D. Parkins称污物药理学起源于古埃及并在中世纪发展,[24]动物粪便有时会有疗效,[26]但有可能有风险。有用牛粪涂抹伤口、耳洞、纹身的做法,但可能会引起慢性耳部感染从而导致破伤风。[27] Frank J. Snoek写到古埃及人还使用苍蝇屎、蜥蜴血、猪牙作药品,这些在他看来则是有害健康的。[28]
A primary feature of a properly designed sail is an amount of "draft(英语:draft (sailing))", caused by curvature of the surface of the sail. When the sail is oriented into the wind, this curvature induces lift, much like the wing of an airplane.
Anzovin, item # 5393, page 385 Reference to a ship with a name appears in an inscription of 2613 BCE that recounts the shipbuilding achievements of the fourth-dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Sneferu. He was recorded as the builder of a cedarwood vessel called "Praise of the Two Lands."
Nicholson, Paul T. and Ian Shaw, eds. 2000. Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. University Press, Cambridge.
Pulak, C. A. The Uluburun Shipwreck: An Overview. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 1998, 27 (3): 188–224. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1998.tb00803.x.
Scheel, Bernd. 1989. Egyptian Metalworking and Tools. Haverfordwest, Great Britain: Shire Publications Ltd.
Shaw, Ian. Editor. 2000. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: 牛津大学出版社.
Shortland, A.J. Evaporites of the Wadi Natrun: Seasonal and Annual Variation and its Implication for Ancient Exploitation. Archaeometry. 2004, 46 (4): 497–516. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2004.00170.x.
Davis, Virginia. "Mines and Quarries of Ancient Egypt, an Introduction" Online article (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Institutt for Arkeologi, Kunsthistorie og Konservering website, in English at [1]
古埃及主题
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