伯克霍尔德菌[1][2][3][4](学名:Burkholderia)又称伯克氏菌属,是伯克霍尔德菌属科的一个属,革兰氏阴性菌,无芽孢,有运动性,触酶阳性,多数可利用葡萄糖,属于专性需氧杆菌。可经气溶胶传播,生物安全风险较大。
这个属下最出名的有鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌属(B. mallei),是一种会在马或其他相关动物身上引起马鼻疽的病菌;属下亦有引起人类类鼻疽的类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌属(B. pseudomallei),引起人类肺部囊肿性纤维化的洋葱伯克霍尔德菌属(B. cepacia),以及会污染食物且代谢出剧毒的米酵菌酸,造成严重食物中毒的唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌属(B. gladioli)。
伯克霍尔德菌(以前被认为是假单胞菌属的一部分)在普通培养基上可形成正常的光滑型和变异的粗糙型两种菌落。这一属中包括一些植物和动物的病原菌以及一些重要的环境微生物。其中 B. xenovorans 是著名的杀虫剂及多氯联苯的生物降解者。伯克霍尔德菌属可用于生物降解、农业中的生物控制及促进植物生长的根圈微生物等。但由于有可能对人类造成的潜在危害,这些用途仍然处在商讨之中。由于伯克霍尔德菌属具有相对较高的抗生素的抗药性及高运动性,鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌属及类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌属有时会被认为是针对家畜及人类的生物战潜在媒介。
其属名伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia)来源于其发现者,康奈尔大学的植物生理学家Walter H. Burkholder。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种:[5]
- Burkholderia acidipaludis Aizawa et al. 2010
- Burkholderia aenigmatica Depoorter et al. 2020
- Burkholderia agricolaris Shu et al. 2018
- Burkholderia alatipes Lemaire et al. 2011
- 白伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia alba Lee et al. 2018
- 高山伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia alpina Weber and King 2017
- 须芒草伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia ambifaria Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia amboniana Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia andongensis Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith 1911) Gillis et al. 1995
- Burkholderia anthina Vandamme et al. 2002
- Burkholderia anthocleistifolia Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia arationis Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia arboris Vanlaere et al. 2008
- Burkholderia arvi Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia aspalathi Mavengere et al. 2014
- Burkholderia australis Paungfoo-Lonhienne et al. 2014
- Burkholderia bannensis Aizawa et al. 2011
- Burkholderia bidentata Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia bifaria Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia brachyantha Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia brachyanthoides Lemaire et al. 2011
- 巴西伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia brasilensis Baldani et al. 1997
- Burkholderia brevipaniculata Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia bryophila Vandamme et al. 2007
- Burkholderia caballeronis Martínez-Aguilar et al. 2014
- Burkholderia caledonica Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia calidae Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia calva Van Oevelen et al. 2004
- Burkholderia camerunensis Lemaire et al. 2011
- 卡瑞苯西思伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia caribensis Achouak et al. 1999
- 石竹伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia caryophylli (Burkholder 1942) Yabuuchi et al. 1993,香石竹细菌性萎蔫病菌
- Burkholderia catarinensis Bach et al. 2019
- Burkholderia catophylla Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia catudaia Peeters et al. 2016
- 新洋葱伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia cenocepacia Vandamme et al. 2003
- 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni and Holmes 1981 ex Burkholder 1950) Yabuuchi et al. 1993,洋葱腐烂病菌
- Burkholderia choica Vandamme et al. 2013
- Burkholderia cocovenenans (van Damme et al. 1960) Zhao et al. 1995
- Burkholderia cocovenenans (van Damme et al. 1960) Gillis et al. 1995
- Burkholderia concitans Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia contaminans Vanlaere et al. 2009
- Burkholderia cooperi Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia cordobensis Draghi et al. 2014
- Burkholderia crenata Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia dabaoshanensis Zhu et al. 2012
- Burkholderia darwiniana Lemaire et al. 2011,宿主植物为Psychotria darwiniana
- Burkholderia denitrificans Lee et al. 2013
- Burkholderia diazotrophica Sheu et al. 2013
- Burkholderia diffusa Vanlaere et al. 2008
- Burkholderia dilworthii De Meyer et al. 2014
- Burkholderia dipogonis Sheu et al. 2015
- 多罗萨伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia dolosa Vermis et al. 2004
- Burkholderia eburnea Kang et al. 2014
- Burkholderia edentula Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia endofungorum Partida-Martinez et al. 2007
- Burkholderia expansissima Lemaire et al. 2011,也拼作:Burkholderia expanssissima
- Burkholderia eylesii Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia ferrariae Valverde et al. 2006
- Burkholderia fleuryana Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia fortuita Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia fungorum Coenye et al. 2001
- Burkholderia gardeniifolia Lemaire et al. 2011
- 人参土伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia ginsengisoli Kim et al. 2006
- Burkholderia ginsengiterrae Farh et al. 2015
- 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia gladioli (Severini 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- 格氏伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia glathei (Zolg and Ottow 1975) Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia glathei (Zolg and Ottow 1975) Viallard et al. 1998
- Burkholderia glebae Peeters et al. 2016
- 荚壳伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia glumae (Kurita and Tabei 1967) Urakami et al. 1994,水稻细菌性谷枯病菌
- Burkholderia graminis Viallard et al. 1998
- Burkholderia grimmiae Tian et al. 2013
- 广东伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia guangdongensis Gao et al. 2021
- Burkholderia harborii Verstraete et al. 2011
- Burkholderia hayleyella Shu et al. 2018
- Burkholderia heleia Aizawa et al. 2010
- Burkholderia hispidae Lemaire et al. 2012
- Burkholderia holtzii Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia hospita Goris et al. 2003
- Burkholderia humi Vandamme et al. 2013
- Burkholderia humilis Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia humisilvae Lee and Whang 2015
- Burkholderia humptydooensis Tuanyok et al. 2017
- Burkholderia hypogeia Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia inandensis Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia insecticola Takeshita et al. 2018
- Burkholderia insulsa Rusch et al. 2015
- 江苏伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia jiangsuensis Liu et al. 2014
- 智异山伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia jirisanensis Kim et al. 2016
- 九节伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia kikwitensis Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia kimuenzae Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia kirkii Van Oevelen et al. 2002,该菌种分离自以发现者Sir John Kirk (1832-1922)命名的九节木(宿主植物)
- Burkholderia kirstenboschensis Steenkamp et al. 2016
- Burkholderia konguensis Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia kotzei Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia kururiensis Zhang et al. 2000
- Burkholderia lanceolata Lemaire et al. 2011
- 宽广伯克霍尔德菌 Burkholderia lata Vanlaere et al. 2009,宽广伯克霍尔德菌属
- Burkholderia latens Vanlaere et al. 2008
- Burkholderia leptophylla Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia letouzeyi Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia lokohensis Lemaire et al. 2011
- 鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia mallei (Zopf 1885) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia mamillata Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia mannii Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia mayonis Hall et al. 2023[6]
- Burkholderia megalochromosomata Baek et al. 2015
- Burkholderia megapolitana Vandamme et al. 2007
- Burkholderia metallica Vanlaere et al. 2008
- Burkholderia metalliresistens Guo et al. 2015
- Burkholderia mimosarum Chen et al. 2006
- Burkholderia monticola Baek et al. 2015
- 多噬伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia multivorans Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia nigropunctata Van Oevelen et al. 2004
- Burkholderia nodosa Chen et al. 2007
- Burkholderia norimbergensis Wittke et al. 1998
- Burkholderia novacaledonica Guentas et al. 2020
- Burkholderia orbicola Morales-Ruíz et al. 2022[7]
- 俄克拉荷马伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia oklahomensis Glass et al. 2006
- Burkholderia orbicola Morales-Ruíz et al. 2022
- Burkholderia oxyphila Otsuka et al. 2011
- Burkholderia paludis Ong et al. 2016
- Burkholderia panaciterrae Farh et al. 2015
- Burkholderia pavettae corrig. Lemaire et al. 2012
- Burkholderia pedi Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia pendulothyrsa Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia peredens Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia perseverans Pereira-Andrade et al. 2021
- Burkholderia petitii Lemaire et al. 2011
- 吩嗪伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia phenazinia (Bell and Turner 1973) Viallard et al. 1998,也拼作:Burkholderia phenazinium
- Burkholderia phenoliruptrix Coenye et al. 2005
- Burkholderia phymatum Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia phytofirmans Sessitsch et al. 2005
- Burkholderia pickettii (Ralston et al. 1973) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- 植物伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia plantarii (Azegami et al. 1987) Urakami et al. 1994
- 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia pseudomallei (Whitmore 1913) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- Burkholderia pseudomultivorans Peeters et al. 2014
- Burkholderia psychotriae Van Oevelen et al. 2004
- Burkholderia ptereochthonis Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia pumila Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia puraquae Martina et al. 2018
- 吡咯伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia pyrrocinia (Imanaka et al. 1965) Vandamme et al. 1997
- Burkholderia pyrrocinia (Imanaka et al. 1965) Viallard et al. 1998
- Burkholderia recurva Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia reimsis Esmaeel et al. 2018
- Burkholderia rhizomatosa Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia rhizosphaerae Lee and Whang 2015
- Burkholderia rhizoxina Scherlach et al. 2006
- Burkholderia rhizoxinica Partida-Martinez et al. 2007
- Burkholderia rhynchosiae De Meyer et al. 2013
- Burkholderia rigidae Lemaire et al. 2012
- Burkholderia rinojensis Cordova-Kreylos et al. 2013
- Burkholderia rubiacearum Van Oevelen et al. 2004
- Burkholderia rubripilis Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia rubristipulata Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia sabiae Chen et al. 2008
- Burkholderia sacchari Brämer et al. 2001
- Burkholderia sartisoli Vanlaere et al. 2008
- Burkholderia savannae Hall et al. 2023[6]
- Burkholderia schumanniana Lemaire et al. 2012,也拼作:Burkholderia schumannianae
- Burkholderia sediminicola Lim et al. 2008
- Burkholderia semiarida Velez et al. 2023
- Burkholderia seminalis Vanlaere et al. 2008
- Burkholderia sericanthae Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia servocepacia Wallner et al. 2019
- Burkholderia silvatlantica Perin et al. 2006
- 新加坡伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia singaporensis
- Burkholderia singularis Vandamme et al. 2017
- Burkholderia sola Velez et al. 2023
- Burkholderia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1993
- 土壤伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia soli Yoo et al. 2007
- Burkholderia solisilvae Lee and Whang 2015
- Burkholderia sordidicola Lim et al. 2003
- Burkholderia spithamea Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia sprentiae De Meyer et al. 2013
- 稳定伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia stabilis Vandamme et al. 2000
- Burkholderia stagnalis De Smet et al. 2015
- Burkholderia subpunctata Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia susongensis Gu et al. 2015
- Burkholderia symbiotica Sheu et al. 2012
- Burkholderia telluris Vandamme et al. 2013
- Burkholderia temeraria Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia terrae Yang et al. 2006
- Burkholderia terrestris Vandamme et al. 2013
- Burkholderia terricola Goris et al. 2003
- Burkholderia territorii De Smet et al. 2015
- Burkholderia thailandensis Brett et al. 1998
- Burkholderia trichardtensis Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia tropica Reis et al. 2004
- Burkholderia tropicalis Magalhaes Cruz et al. 2001
- Burkholderia tuberum Vandamme et al. 2003
- Burkholderia turbans Peeters et al. 2016
- Burkholderia uapacifolia Lemaire et al. 2011
- 尤伯纳伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia ubonensis Yabuuchi et al. 2000,也拼作:Burkholderia uboniae
- Burkholderia udeis Vandamme et al. 2013
- Burkholderia ultramafica Guentas et al. 2019
- Burkholderia umbellifera Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia unamae Caballero-Mellado et al. 2004
- Burkholderia vandii Urakami et al. 1994
- Burkholderia vanwykii Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia verschuerenii Lemaire et al. 2011
- 越南伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia vietnamiensis Gillis et al. 1995
- Burkholderia virens Lemaire et al. 2011
- Burkholderia xenovorans Goris et al. 2004
- 浙江伯克霍尔德菌属 Burkholderia zhejiangensis Lu et al. 2012
参考文献
参见
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