古代斯巴达设有五督政官ὁράω,“监管”的意思),每年由全体城邦公民选出,不得连任。这五人负责协助两位国王执政,他们每月都要立誓效忠国王,国王则立誓效忠法律。传说公元前7世纪的来古格士(或译赖库尔戈斯)首先设立五督政官,在他出外行军时替他打理朝政。在公元前5世纪到前3世纪期间,督政官权力逐渐扩张变成专制主义柏拉图称为僭主

五督政官

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