乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE，AChase），EC 3.1.1.7，是催化神经递质乙酰胆碱降解（通过其水解活性）成胆碱和乙酸的酶；属于一种水解酶或丝氨酸蛋白酶或羧酸酯酶家族[1]。
Quick Facts 乙酰胆碱酯酶, 命名 ...
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Quick Facts 乙酰胆碱酯酶, 有效结构 ...
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此酶主要存在于胆碱能神经元、神经肌肉接头处、肌肉组织等，具终止乙酰胆碱对突触后膜兴奋作用，恢复突触后膜极化，可终止突触传递。
乙酰胆碱酯酶具有极高的水解活性——一分子的乙酰胆碱酯酶每秒钟可以水解25000分子的乙酰胆碱。经乙酰胆碱酯酶作用而产生的胆碱被重新利用——通过再摄取被转运进入神经末梢，在那里被重新利用以合成新的乙酰胆碱分子[2]。
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