社稷
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
社稷,王者所立壇也,所以為天下求福報功於土地者也。對立於宗廟。夫古來中華地廣,欲遍祀其土則不得,故封土為社也。社,示旁,謂神聖之土也。五穀眾多,王者取其長者祭之,五穀之間,稷用為多,故云社稷也。天子社稷用大牢,諸侯用少牢。用少牢者,蓋諸侯地狹,所報功少也。王、諸侯各立兩社,王有太社、王社,太社,祀天下土地也,王社,祀京師土地也。諸侯有國社、侯社。國社,祀其國土也,侯社,祀其都邑也。社壇皆露天,為達天地氣也。社必有樹,太社為松,東社為柏,南社為梓,西社為栗,北社為槐。若一國喪德以致滅亡,則屋其社,以示其國自絕於天地,謂之誡社,誡來者也。其大小,天子之社稷廣五丈,諸侯半之。太社有五色土,東方青色,南方赤色,西方白色,北方黑色,中央黃色。每祭祀,奏雅樂。今中華人民共和國北京市有之,在紫禁城天安門西。大韓民國亦有之,在首爾景德宮西。二社俱建於明。越南有社稷壇,在化宮城之西,建於清。
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