五代者,後梁、後唐、後晉、後漢、後周也。唐天祐四年,權臣朱溫廢哀帝自立,建後梁,是為五代之始。傳三世,為後唐李存勖所滅。後唐之君無道,篡弒頻仍。河東節度使石敬瑭乘間以契丹之助奪位,建後晉。開運三年,契丹耶律德光引兵來伐,出帝被執於契丹。河東節度使劉知遠聞之,稱帝於太原。已而契丹主北歸,遂遷都開封。傳子承祐,為郭威所弒,威建號後周。顯德七年,趙匡胤興兵奪位,後周遂亡,而開宋朝之基。
是時,亦有節度使割據稱帝,曰前蜀,曰後蜀,曰南吳,曰南唐,曰吳越,曰閩,曰南楚,曰南漢,曰南平,曰北漢。計凡十國,故亦與五代併稱曰「五代十國」云。吳越、楚、南平,皆受中原封,稱王而已。不自僭號。其餘皆稱帝。是故史官以吳越、楚、南平爲世襲,餘爲僭偽。
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