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煤者,礦物也。以供鍛煉金石之用。禿山無草木者,下即有煤。
凡取煤經歷久者,從土面能辨有無之色,然後掘挖,深至五丈許,方始得煤。初見煤端時,毒氣灼人。有將巨竹鑿去中節,尖銳其末,插入炭中,其毒煙從竹中透上,人從其下施钁拾取者。或一井而下,炭縱橫廣有,則隨其左右闊取。其上枝板,以防壓崩耳。
凡煤炭取空而後,以土填實其井,以二三十年後,其下煤復生長,取之不盡。其底及四周石卵,土人名曰銅炭者,取出燒皂礬與硫黃。凡石卵單取硫黃者,其氣薰甚,名曰臭煤,北京房山、固安,湖廣荊州等處間有之。
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