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Ojuorun aye ni ipele awon efuufu to seayika Ayé ti ibújìn aye dimu. Ojúọ̀run lo n da abo bo awon ohun elemin ni ile-aye nipa fifamu ultraviolet solar radiation, eyi n je ki ooru yi o mu loworo o si n seresile igbonasi to le wu ni ojo ati asale. Afefe gbigbe ni bii (gege bi ikunsi) 78.08% nitrojini, 20.95% oksijini, 0.93% argoni, 0.038% karboni oloksijinimeji, ati iye tasere awon efuufu miran. Bakana afefe tun ni iye orisi omi oru, to fe to 1%.
Ojuorun ni iposi to to quintillion marun (5x10^18) kg, idameta ninu merin won wa ni tosi bi 11 km ojude. Ojuorun n tinrin si bi o se n goke si lai si bode kan pato larin ojuorun ati ofurufu. Giga 120 km ni ibi ti awon ipa tojuorun ti n han lara ni asiko ipadawole tojuorun fun oko-ofurufu. Ala Kármán ni 100 km bakanna tun je gbigba gege bi ala larin ojuorun ati ofurufu.
Afefe je kikopapo nitrijini, oksijini ati argoni ti lapapo won je "awon efuufu pataki" ojuorun. Àwon efuufu yioku ni a mo si "efuufu tasere" (trace gases), lara won ni awon efuufu ogba-alakaba bi omi oru, karboni oloksijinimeji, methani, nitrous oxide ati ossonu. Afefe jijo ni iye tasere opolopo awon adapo alegbogi miran. Opolopo awon ohun ounkoko aladaba le w ninu afijuwe afefe ti ko mo, bi dust, pollen ati spores, sea spray, volcanic ash ati meteoroid. Orisirisi awon amúdọ̀tí ile-ise elero na tun le wa, bi klorini bi apilese tabi adapo, fluorini (ninu adapo), merikuri ti apilese, ati sulferi ninu adapo bi sulferi oloksijinimeji (SO2).
ppmv: parts per million by volume (note: volume fraction is equal to mole fraction for ideal gas only, see Gas volume#Partial volume) | |
Gas | Volume |
---|---|
Nitrogen (N2) | 780,840 ppmv (78.084%) |
Oxygen (O2) | 209,460 ppmv (20.946%) |
Argon (Ar) | 9,340 ppmv (0.9340%) |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) | 387 ppmv (0.0387%) |
Neon (Ne) | 18.18 ppmv (0.001818%) |
Helium (He) | 5.24 ppmv (0.000524%) |
Methane (CH4) | 1.79 ppmv (0.000179%) |
Krypton (Kr) | 1.14 ppmv (0.000114%) |
Hydrogen (H2) | 0.55 ppmv (0.000055%) |
Nitrous oxide (N2O) | 0.3 ppmv (0.00003%) |
Xenon (Xe) | 0.09 ppmv (9x10−6%) |
Ozone (O3) | 0.0 to 0.07 ppmv (0% to 7x10−6%) |
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 0.02 ppmv (2x10−6%) |
Iodine (I) | 0.01 ppmv (1x10−6%) |
Carbon monoxide (CO) | 0.1 ppmv |
Ammonia (NH3) | trace |
Not included in above dry atmosphere: | |
Water vapor (H2O) | ~0.40% over full atmosphere, typically 1%-4% at surface |
Ojuorun aye se pin si ipele pataki marun. Awon ipele yii pin si boya igbonasi npo tabi ndin pelu igasoke. Lati kukurujulo de gigajulo, awon ipele ohun ni yii:
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