Tổng thống Tây Ban Nha

Tổng thống Cộng hòa (tiếng Tây Ban Nha: Presidente de la República) là chức danh của nguyên thủ quốc gia Đệ nhị Cộng hòa Tây Ban Nha (1931–1939). Chức danh tổng thống dựa trên mô hình của Cộng hòa Weimar, có nhiều nét giống của cả chế độ tổng thống Pháp và tổng thống Hoa Kỳ.^[1]

"Tổng thống Tây Ban Nha" chuyển hướng đến đây. Đừng nhầm lẫn với Thủ tướng Tây Ban Nha.

Tổng thống Cộng hòa Presidente de la República
Quốc huy Cộng hòa Tây Ban Nha
Người giữ chức cuối cùng Manuel Azaña 10 tháng 5 năm 1936 – 3 tháng 3 năm 1939
Chức vụ	Su Excelencia
Tiền nhiệm	King of Spain
Thành lập	14 tháng 4 năm 1931
Người đầu tiên giữ chức	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
Người cuối cùng giữ chức	Manuel Azaña
Bãi bỏ	3 tháng 3 năm 1939
Kế vị	Tây Ban Nha thời Franco

Tây Ban Nha có hai nền cộng hòa trong lịch sử, với thể chế nhà nước khác nhau, danh xưng tổng thống Tây Ban Nha xuất hiện vào thời đệ nhị cộng hòa.

Đệ nhất Cộng hòa Tây Ban Nha (1873–74)

Bài chi tiết: Đệ nhất Cộng hòa Tây Ban Nha

Following the abdication of Amadeo I on 10 February 1873, the short-lived First Republic (1873–74) had four heads of state (officially, Presidents of the Executive Power): Estanislao Figueras, Pi i Margall, Nicolás Salmerón, and Emilio Castelar.^[2]

Chủ tịch hội đồng hành pháp Đệ nhất Cộng hòa

Chân dung	Tên	Bắt đầu	Kết thúc	Đảng phái
	Estanislao Figueras	12 February 1873	11 June 1873	Democratic Federal Republican Party
	Francesc Pi i Margall	11 June 1873	18 July 1873	Democratic Federal Republican Party
	Nicolás Salmerón	18 July 1873	7 September 1873	Progressive Party
	Emilio Castelar	7 September 1873	3 January 1874	Republican Possibilist Party

On the eve of the pronunciamiento. (coup d'état) of 3 January 1874, General Pavia sent for Francisco Serrano y Domínguez take to the leadership. Serrano took the title of president of the executive and he continued at the end of December 1874 when the Bourbons were restored by another pronunciamiento.

Portrait	Name	Term start	Term end
	Francisco Serrano y Domínguez	3 January 1874	30 December 1874

Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

Following the abdication of Alfonso XIII on 14 April 1931, there was no official head of state, meaning that the Prime Minister was, in effect, the highest office in the land. Niceto Alcalá-Zamora assumed the new role of President of the Republic, the effective head of state, after the approval of the new Constitution in December 1931. Manuel Azaña remained as Prime Minister, head of the government, until 12 September 1933.

Presidents (Prime Ministers) of the Provisional Government of the Republic

	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora	14 April 1931	14 October 1931	Liberal Republican Right
	Manuel Azaña	14 October 1931	11 December 1931	Republican Action

Presidents of the Republic

	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
	Niceto Alcalá-Zamora	11 December 1931	7 April 1936	Liberal Republican Right
	Diego Martínez Barrio (interim)	7 April 1936	11 May 1936	Republican Union (Popular Front)
	Manuel Azaña	11 May 1936	3 March 1939	Republican Left (Popular Front)

With Franco's victory imminent, a National Council of Defense was established to negotiate a peace settlement with the Nationalists. By this point, Franco effectively had military control of the whole country.

Presidents of the National Council of Defense (Republican Zone)

	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
	Segismundo Casado (interim)	4 March 1939	13 March 1939	Military
	José Miaja	13 March 1939	27 March 1939	Military

Fall of the Republic

On 27 February 1939, after both France and the United Kingdom had recognised Franco's military victory, President Manuel Azaña, exiled in France, resigned. The following week, the so-called Casado's Coup against Prime Minister Negrín's government^[3] led to the creation of the National Defence Council which attempted, unsuccessfully to negotiate terms, with Franco breaking off talks motu proprio.^[4] Following Franco's final offensive at the end of March 1939, the Republic fell.

Presidents of the Spanish Republic in exile (1939–1977)

Portrait	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
	Diego Martínez Barrio (Official interim successor of Azaña for being president of the Congress and an important figure for most of the non-communist anti-Franco forces but for his enmity with Juan Negrín he did not take office until 1945).	4 March 1939	17 August 1945	Republican Union (Popular Front)
	Juan Negrín (Prime Minister in the exile until the proclamation as president of Diego Martínez Barrio, who dismissed him).	31 March 1939[5][6]	17 August 1945	Republican Union (Popular Front)
	Diego Martínez Barrio	17 August 1945	1 January 1962	Republican Union (Popular Front)
	Luis Jiménez de Asúa	11 February 1962	16 November 1970	PSOE (Popular Front)
	José Maldonado González	November 1970	1 July 1977	Republican Left (Popular Front)

Timeline

References

1. Payne, Stanley G. (1993) Spain's First Democracy: The Second Republic, 1931–1936, pp. 62–3. Univ of Wisconsin Press. Google Books. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
2. The official name of " Executive Power " between 1868 and 1874, designates a transitory and undefined authority without a constitutional configuration.
3. "War in Spain: Casado's Coup" TIME. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
4. (tiếng Tây Ban Nha) "Segismunco [sic] Casado: el final de una guerra" ABC. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
5. Herrerín López, Ángel (2007), El dinero del exilio: Indalecio Prieto y las pugnas de posguerra (1939-1947), Siglo XXI de España Editores, pág.3
6. Romero Samper, Milagrosa (2005), La oposición durante el franquismo, Encuentro, pág.91

Bản mẫu:Presidents of Spain