شہر ریاست (City-state) ایک آزاد یا خود مختار سیاسی وجود ہے جو کسی اور مقامی حکومت کے زیر انتظام نہیں، جس کا علاقہ ایک شہر اور عام طور پر اس کے ارد گرد کے علاقے پر مشتمل ہے۔[1][2]
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged۔ HarperCollins Publishers۔ 2003۔ a state consisting of a sovereign city and its dependencies. Among the most famous are the great independent cities of the ancient world, such as Athens, Sparta, Carthage, and Rome.
Mogens, Hansen. 2000. "Introduction: The Concepts of City-States and City-State Culture." In A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Polis Centre. Pg. 19
Mogens, Hansen. 2000. "Introduction: The Concepts of City-States and City-State Culture." In A Comparative Study of Six City-State Cultures, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Polis Centre. Pg. 19
El-Katiri, Laura, Bassam Fattouh and Paul Segal. 2011 Anatomy of an oil-based welfare state: rent distribution in Kuwait. Kuwait City: Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States
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