حرف صحیح |
IPA | مثالیں |
اردو حرف تقریباً |
اردو مثال تقریباً |
b |
buy, cab |
ب |
بال |
d |
dye, cad, do |
ڈھ (تقریباً) |
ڈھونڈ |
ð |
thy, breathe, father |
عربی ذ |
دھرم (تقریباً) |
dʒ |
giant, badge, jam |
ج |
جب |
f |
fan, caff, phi |
ف |
فارسی |
ɡ (ɡ)[1] |
guy, bag |
گ |
آگ |
h |
high, ahead |
ہ |
محمد |
j[2] |
yes, hallelujah |
ی |
یار |
k |
sky, crack |
ک، کھْ |
کھیل |
l |
lie, sly, gal |
ل |
لندن |
m |
my, smile, cam |
م |
میں |
n |
nigh, snide, can |
ن |
نیںد |
ŋ |
sang, sink, singer |
ن٘گ |
رنگ |
θ |
thigh, math |
عربی ث |
تھک (تقریباً) |
p |
pie, spy, cap |
پ |
پیننا |
r[3] |
rye, try, very |
ر (تقریباً) |
ریل (تقریباً) |
s |
sigh, mass |
س |
سال |
ʃ |
shy, cash, emotion |
ش |
شہر |
t |
tie, sty, cat, atom |
ٹھ (تقریباً) |
ٹھیک (تقریباً) |
tʃ |
china, catch |
چھ |
چھوڑ |
v |
vie, have |
ڤ |
والا (تقریباً) |
w |
wye, swine |
عربی و |
ہُوأ (تقریباً) |
hw |
why[4] |
ھو |
- |
z |
zoo, has |
ز |
زیر |
ʒ |
equation, pleasure, vision, beige[5] |
ژ |
ویژن |
Marginal consonants |
|
|
x |
ugh, loch, Chanukah[6] |
خ |
ختم |
ʔ |
uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/ |
ء |
ان شاء اللہ |
|
Optional sounds |
|
|
IPA | Examples |
|
|
ᵗs |
تسْ، امرتسر |
ʃⁱ |
nasturtium (/i/ is frequently dropped) |
|
Vowels |
IPA | Full vowels | IPA | ... followed by R[7] |
ɑː |
PALM, father, bra |
ɑr |
START, bard, barn, snarl, star (= /ɑːr/) |
ɒ |
LOT, pod, John[8] |
ɒr |
moral, forage |
æ |
TRAP, pad, shall, ban[9][10] |
ær |
barrow, marry[11] |
aɪ |
PRICE, ride, file, fine, pie[12] |
aɪər |
Ireland, hire (= /aɪr/) |
aɪ.ər |
higher, buyer[13] |
aʊ |
MOUTH, loud, foul, down, how |
aʊər |
flour (= /aʊr/) |
aʊ.ər |
flower[13] |
ɛ |
DRESS, bet, fell, men[14] |
ɛr |
error, merry[14] |
eɪ |
FACE, made, fail, vein, pay |
ɛər |
SQUARE, mare, scarce, cairn, Mary (= /eɪr/)[15] |
eɪ.ər |
layer (one who lays)[13] |
ɪ |
KIT, lid, fill, bin |
ɪr |
mirror, Sirius |
iː |
FLEECE, seed, feel, mean, sea |
ɪər |
NEAR, beard, fierce, serious (= /iːr/)[16] |
iː.ər |
freer |
ɔː |
THOUGHT, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[17] |
ɔr |
NORTH, born, war, Laura (= /ɔːr/)[18][19] |
ɔː.ər |
sawer |
ɔɪ |
CHOICE, void, foil, coin, boy |
ɔɪər |
loir (= /ɔɪr/) |
ɔɪ.ər |
employer[13] |
oʊ |
GOAT, code, foal, bone, go[20] |
ɔər |
FORCE, more, boar, oral (= /oʊr/)[18][19] |
oʊ.ər |
mower |
ʊ |
FOOT, good, full, woman |
ʊr |
courier |
uː |
GOOSE, food, fool, soon, chew, do |
ʊər |
boor, moor, tourist (= /uːr/)[18][19] |
uː.ər |
truer |
juː |
cued, cute, mule, tune, queue, you[21] |
jʊər |
cure (= /juːr/) |
juː.ər |
fewer |
ʌ |
STRUT, bud, dull, gun[22] |
ɜr |
NURSE, word, girl, fern, furry |
ʌr |
borough, hurry[23] |
Variable vowels |
aː |
BATH, dance, laugh (either ɑː or æ) |
ɒː |
CLOTH, office, wrong (either ɒ or ɔː) |
i |
HAPPY, serious[24] (either ɪ or iː) |
u |
bedroom, roof, situation (either ʊ or uː) |
Reduced vowels |
ə |
Rosa’s, a mission, quiet, focus |
ər |
LETTER, perceive |
ɨ |
roses, emission[25] (either ɪ or ə) |
ʉ |
beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ])[26] (either ʊ or ə) |
ɵ |
omission[27] (either oʊ or ə) |
əl |
bottle (either əl or l̩) |
ən |
button (either ən or n̩) |
əm |
rhythm (either əm or m̩) |
|
Stress |
Syllabification |
IPA | Examples |
IPA | Examples |
ˈ |
intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[28] battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[29] |
. |
moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/ ونڈہوک /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/ Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/ Mikey /ˈmaɪki/, Myki /ˈmaɪ.kiː/[30] |
ˌ |
|