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Шаблон:Anarchism sidebar Шаблон:Libertarianism sidebar
Анархіз́м (від дав.-гр. αναρχω — від ἀν, ан, «без» + ἄρχή, архе, «влада» + -ізм) — політична філософія та суспільно-політична теорія, яка вважає державу небажаним, непотрібним та шкідливим елементом[1][2], яка відмовляє владі та ієрархічній організації в успішній реалізації міжособових стосунків в суспільстві[3][4][5][6][7][8] Proponents of anarchism, known as «anarchists», advocate stateless societies based on non-hierarchical[3][9][10] voluntary associations.[11][12]
There are many types and traditions of anarchism, not all of which are mutually exclusive.[13] Anarchist schools of thought can differ fundamentally, supporting anything from extreme individualism to complete collectivism.[2] Strains of anarchism have been divided into the categories of social and individualist anarchism or similar dual classifications.[14][15] Anarchism is often considered to be a radical left-wing ideology,[16][17] and much of anarchist economics and anarchist legal philosophy reflect anti-statist interpretations of communism, collectivism, syndicalism or participatory economics. However, anarchism has always included an individualist strain, egoist strain, and free market strain.[18][19][20] Some individualist anarchists are also socialists or communists[21][22] while some anarcho-communists are also individualists.[23][24]
Anarchism as a mass social movement has regularly endured fluctuations in popularity. The central tendency of anarchism as a social movement has been represented by anarcho-communism and anarcho-syndicalism, with individualist anarchism being primarily a literary phenomenon[25] which nevertheless did have an impact on the bigger currents[26] and individualists have also participated in large anarchist organizations.[27][28] Most anarchists oppose all forms of aggression, supporting self-defense or non-violence (anarcho-pacifism),[29][30] while others have supported the use of some coercive measures, including violent revolution and propaganda of the deed, on the path to an anarchist society.[31]