Ɔman Ho Dɔ (Nationalism)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wɔatwerɛ saa nsɛm wei wɔ Asante Twi kasa mu
Nationalism (Ɔman Ho Dɔ) yɛ adwene mu ne kuo a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ nkuro no ne ɔman no yɛ pɛ.[1][1] Saa kuo no, ɛtaa hyɛ ɔman pɔtee bi anigyeɛ ho nkuran (te sɛ dea ɛwɔ nnipa kuo bi mu),[1] titire a ne botaeɛ ne sɛ ɛbɛnya amammuo mu tumidie (self-governance) wɔ ne kuro so na wakura mu de abɔ kuro-ɔman. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔman biara di ne ho so, a abɔntenfoɔ mfa wɔn ho nhyɛ mu (self-determination), sɛ ɔman yɛ abɔdeɛ mu nnyinasoɔ a ɛyɛ ma amammuosɛm,[2] na ɔman no nkutoo ne amammuo tumi fibea a ɛfata[1][2] . Deɛ ɛsi n'ani so bi ne sɛ ɛbɛkyekyere na akura ɔman baakoyɛ mu, a ɛgyina asetena mu su ahodoɔ a wɔkyɛ te sɛ amammerɛ, mmusuakuo, asasesin, kasa, amammuosɛm (anaa aban), nyamesom, atetesɛm ne gyidie a wɔwɔ wɔ abakɔsɛm baako pɛ a wɔkyɛ mu a wɔaka abom so,[2][2] na wɔde ahyɛ ɔman baakoyɛ anaa baakoyɛ ho nkuran.[1] Ɔmampɛ, hwehwɛ sɛ ɛbɛkora ɔman bi atetesɛm amammerɛ so na wɔahyɛ no den.[2] Nkyerɛaseɛ ahodoɔ wɔ hɔ a ɛfa "ɔman" ho, a ɛde ɔman ho dɔ ahodoɔ ba.[2] Nnoɔma titire mmienu a ɛsono ɛmu biara ne mmusuakuo mu ɔmampɛ ne ɔmanfoɔ mampɛ.
Ɛfiri afeha a ɛtɔ so du nnɔtwe awieɛ, titire berɛ a French man Anidan ne nnyinasosɛm a ɛne sɛ nnipa tumidie anaasɛ wɔn ankasa gyinaeɛ si trɛɛ no, amammusɛm ho animdefoɔ na wɔde adwene a ɛne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ "ɔmanfoɔ" di tumi no baeɛ.[3] Wɔde nsusuiɛ atitire mmiɛnsa adi dwuma de akyerɛkyerɛ ɔmampɛ a ɛbaeɛ no mu:
- Mfitiaseɛ adwene (perennialism) nyaa nkɔsoɔ kaa ɔmampɛ ho wɔ ɔdɔ berɛ no mu na wɔkae sɛ aman wɔ hɔ bere nyinaa. Ɛfiri saa berɛ no, nwomanimfoɔ dodoɔ no ara apo saa adwene yi,[4] na mprempren wɔbu aman sɛ wɔkyekyere wɔn wɔ asetra mu na wɔhyɛ abakɔsɛm mu.[2][5]
- Nnɛyi nsusuwiiɛ, a mprempren ɛyɛ ɔmampɛ ho nsusuwii a wogye tom sen biara,[6] fa ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adansi ho nhyehyɛe na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔmampɛ baeɛ esiane nnɛyi nneɛma a ɛkɔ so, te sɛ mfiridwuma mu nkɔso, nkurow akɛse mu nkɔso, ne nnipadɔm nhomasua, a ɛmaa ɔman adwene tumi yɛɛ yiye nti.[5][7] Wɔn a wɔkamfo saa nsusuwiiɛ yi kyerɛ no ka aman ho asɛm sɛ " mpɔtam a wɔayɛ ho mfonini wɔ wɔn adwene mu " na ɔmampɛ sɛ " atetesɛm a wɔayɛ " a nkate a wɔkyɛ ma wonya nnipakuw nipasu bi na ɛkyekyere ankorankoro bom wɔ amammui mu biakoyɛ mu.[5][8][9]
- Nsusuwiiɛ a ɛto so mmiɛnsa, mmusuakuo mu sɛnkyerɛnnedeɛ kyerɛkyerɛ ɔmampɛ mu sɛ nea efi sɛnkyerɛnnede, anansesɛm, ne atetesɛm mu ba, na ɛne Anthony D. Smith adwuma no wɔ abusuabɔ .[10]
Abrabɔ pa ho mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ nationalism so, abusuabɔ a ɛda ɔmampɛ ne ɔman ho dɔ ntam, ne ɔmampɛ ne amansan nyinaa mu nnipa ho dɔ a ɛne ne ho hyia no nyinaa yɛ nsɛm a nyansapɛ mu akyinnyegye wom.[12] Wobetumi de ɔmampɛ aka amammuo botaeɛ ne adwene ahodoɔ te sɛ conservatism (ɔman conservatism ne nifa fam populism) anaa socialism (benkum fam ɔmampɛ) ho.[17][18][19][20] Wɔ nneyɛe mu no, wobu ɔmampɛ sɛ ɛyɛ papa anaa bɔne a egyina n’adwene ne nea efi mu ba so. Ɔmampɛ ayɛ ade a ɛwɔ ahofadi ne atɛntrenee akuw ahorow mu,[21] wɔde abata amammerɛ mu nkanyan ho,[8] na ɛhyɛ ɔman nkɔso ho ahantan ho nkuran.[22] Wɔde adi dwuma nso de ama mmusuakuw, mmusuakuw, ne nyamesom mu mpaapaemu ayɛ nea ɛfata, asiw nnipa kakraa bi ano anaasɛ wɔtow hyɛ so, na wɔsɛe nnipa hokwan ne demokrase atetesɛm.[12]