Mbili ya Gabon
nkhani ya mdauko / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ulipo ukaboni unandi yayi wakukhwaskana na mbiri ya charu cha Gabon pambere ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵandafike. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bantu ndiwo ŵakamba kukhala mu chigaŵa ichi kwambira m'ma 1400. Kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m'ma 1400, ŵanthu ŵa ku Portugal ŵakiza ku malo agha. Kufuma apo, mu ma 1500 C.E., ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe ŵakiza mu chigaŵa ichi kuti ŵaguliske ŵazga. Mu 1839 na 1841, caru ca France cikamba kulamulira mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mu 1849, ŵanthu awo ŵakafwatulika pa boti la ŵazga ŵakakhazikiska msumba wa Libreville. Mu 1862-1887, France yikasazgirako mazaza ghake, kusazgapo mukati mwa boma, ndipo yikamba kulamulira. Mu 1910, Gabon wakaŵa chigaŵa cha French Equatorial Africa ndipo mu 1960, Gabon wakaŵa wakujiyimira yekha.
Pa nyengo iyo Gabon yikapokera wanangwa wake, pakaŵa magulu ghaŵiri gha ndyali: Gabonese Democratic Bloc (BDG), ilo likawusikanga na Léon M'Ba, na Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG), ilo likawusikanga na Jean-Hilaire Aubame. Pa mavoti ghakwamba agho ghakacitika pamanyuma pakuti caru capokera wanangwa, pakaŵavya chipani nanga nchimoza ico cikaŵa na wanandi wa ŵanthu. Mu 1961 pa mavoti gha mu Febuluwale, M'Ba wakaŵa pulezidenti ndipo Aubame wakaŵa nduna ya vyaru vinyake. Mu 1963, boma la chipani chimoza likamara, ndipo mu 1964, boma likapoka mazaza gha boma zuŵa limoza kwambura kuthiska ndopa. Mu Malichi 1967, Leon M'Ba na Omar Bongo ŵakasankhika kuŵa pulezidenti na wachiŵiri wake. M'Ba wakafwa kuumaliro wa caka ici. Bongo wakapharazga kuti Gabon ni boma la chipani chimoza, wakasisita BDG na kukhazikiska chipani cha Democratic Party (PDG). Mu 1990, boma likasintha malango gha mu charu ichi, ndipo boma la Democratic Progressive Party (PDG) likasanga mazaza ghanandi pa mavoti agho ghakachitika mu vyaka 30. Nangauli ŵanthu ŵakususka, kweni Bongo wakalutilira kuŵa pulezidenti m'paka apo wakafwira mu 2009.