Tughra Mahmud II showing the structure of the calligraphy. The tughra reads: "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid
DescriptionTughraofAbdülhamidI.JPG English: Tughra (i.e., seal or signature) ofAbdülhamidI, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1774-1789). An explanation of the
|Description={{en|1=Animated [[Tughra]] [[Mahmud II]] showing the structure of the calligraphy. The tughra reads: ''"Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima"'' ("Mahmud
English The official signature of Sultan Abd-el-Hamid II of Turkey (1876-1909), which appeared on coins, notes and official documents. Azerbaijani Osmanlı