เทิร์ฟ

เทิร์ฟ (อังกฤษ: TERF, terf; ย่อมาจากวลี trans-exclusionary radical feminist แปลว่า ผู้นิยมสิทธิสตรีหัวรุนแรงที่กีดกันบุคคลข้ามเพศ) เป็นศัพท์ที่ได้รับการบัญญัติใน พ.ศ. 2551^[1] เดิมใช้เรียกผู้นิยมสิทธิสตรีที่สนับสนุนแนวคิดหรือความรู้สึกที่ผู้นิยมสิทธิสตรีคนอื่น ๆ มองว่าเป็นการเกลียดกลัวบุคคลข้ามเพศ เช่น การปฏิเสธคำกล่าวยืนยันที่ว่าสตรีข้ามเพศเป็นสตรี การกีดกันสตรีข้ามเพศออกจากพื้นที่เฉพาะสำหรับสตรี การคัดค้านการตรากฎหมายสิทธิบุคคลข้ามเพศ เป็นต้น นับแต่นั้นมาความหมายของคำได้ขยายกว้างขึ้นโดยรวมถึงผู้ที่มีมุมมองกีดกันบุคคลข้ามเพศที่อาจจะไม่ได้มีส่วนพัวพันกับคตินิยมสิทธิสตรีหัวรุนแรง^[2]^[3]

ผู้ที่ถูกอ้างถึงด้วยคำ เทิร์ฟ มักปฏิเสธคำดังกล่าวหรือถือว่าเป็นคำดูหมิ่น บางคนระบุว่าตัวเองเป็น ผู้วิจารณ์สถานะเพศ^[4] ผู้วิจารณ์การใช้คำ เทิร์ฟ กล่าวว่า คำนี้ถูกนำมาใช้ในการสบประมาทและถูกใช้ร่วมกับถ้อยคำรุนแรง^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] ในวาทกรรมทางวิชาการยังไม่มีความเห็นพ้องว่า เทิร์ฟ เป็นคำดูหมิ่นหรือไม่^[7]^[8]^[9]

อ้างอิง

[1]
Smythe, Viv (28 November 2018). "I'm credited with having coined the word 'Terf'. Here's how it happened". The Guardian. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 April 2019. Due to a short series of blogposts from 2008, I have retrospectively been credited as the coiner of the acronym "Terf" (Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists) ... a shorthand to describe one cohort of feminists who self-identify as radical and are unwilling to recognise trans women as sisters, unlike those of us who do.
[2]
Lewis, Sophie (7 February 2019). "Opinion | How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans". The New York Times (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน). ISSN 0362-4331. สืบค้นเมื่อ 5 May 2019. If the idea that transphobic harassment could be “feminist” bewilders you, you are not alone. ... With time, the term TERF has become a catchall for all anti-trans feminists, radical or not.
[3]
Miller, Edie (5 November 2018). "Why Is British Media So Transphobic?" (ภาษาอังกฤษ). The Outline. สืบค้นเมื่อ 3 May 2019. The truth is, while the British conservative right would almost certainly be more than happy to whip up a frenzy of transphobia, they simply haven’t needed to, because some sections of the left over here are doing their hate-peddling for them. The most vocal source of this hatred has emerged, sadly, from within circles of radical feminists. British feminism has an increasingly notorious TERF problem. ... The application of the term has shifted somewhat over time to encompass most people espousing trans-exclusionary politics that follow a particular “TERF logic,” regardless of their involvement with radical feminism.
[4]
Vasquez, Tina (17 February 2014). "It's Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women". Bitch. Bitch Media. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2019-04-13. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 April 2019. [Cathy] Brennan, fellow attorney Elizabeth Hungerford, and other modern-day feminists continue to actively question the inclusion of trans people in women’s spaces. These feminists refer to themselves as “radical feminists” or “gender critical feminists.” In 2008, trans women and trans advocates started referring to this group as “trans-exclusionary radical feminists” or TERFs, a term Brennan considers a slur.
[5]
Bennett, Catherine (19 November 2017). "Bullies everywhere delight in coming up with new insults". The Guardian. the advance of terf, as a bullying tool, has already succeeded in repressing speech – and maybe even research ... ugly terf, fucking terf scum
[6]
Heuchan, Claire (6 October 2017). "If feminist Linda Bellos is seen as a risk, progressive politics has lost its way". The Guardian. Terf stands for trans-exclusionary radical feminist. Online, it often it [ตามต้นฉบับ] appears alongside violent rhetoric: punch a Terf, stab a Terf, kill a Terf. This language is used to dehumanise women who are critical of gender as part of a political system.
[7]
Allen, Sophie R.; Finneron-Burns, Elizabeth; Leng, Mary; Lawford-Smith, Holly; Jones, Jane Clare; Reilly-Cooper, Rebecca; Simpson, R. J. (24 September 2018). "On an Alleged Case of Propaganda: Reply to McKinnon" (PDF). representative examples of derogatory uses of the term: ‘kill all TERFs’; ‘shoot a terf today’; ‘all TERFs deserve to be shot in the head’; ‘somebody slap this TERF c*nt across the face’; ‘literally kill all TERFs’ ... To summarize, we’ve considered three specific accounts of slurs, Anderson and Lepore’s account which appeals to whether those targeted by the term take it to be a slur, Nunberg’s account on which slurs signal in-group membership, and Swanson’s account on which slurs cue harmful ideologies. We’ve argued that ‘TERF’ is a slur on all three of the specific accounts surveyed. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
[8]
Flaherty, Colleen (29 August 2018). "'TERF' War – Philosophers object to a journal's publication 'TERF,' in reference to some feminists. Is it really a slur?". Inside Higher Ed (ภาษาอังกฤษ). สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 April 2019. While the term has become controversial over time, especially with its often hateful deployment on social media, it originally described a subgroup of feminists who believe that the interests of cisgender women (those who are born with vaginas) don’t necessarily intersect with those of transgender women (primarily those born with penises)...TERF 'is widely used across online platforms as a way to denigrate and dismiss the women (and some men) who disagree with the dominant narrative on trans issues...Targeted groups include 'lesbians who merely maintain that same-sex attraction is not equivalent to transphobia,' and 'women who believe that women’s oppression is sex-based, and are concerned about erasing the political importance of female bodies...."
[9]
McKinnon, Rachel (7 March 2018). "The Epistemology of Propaganda" (PDF). Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 96 (2): 483–489. doi:10.1111/phpr.12429. many contemporary TERFs accuse trans women of coining the phrase/term—and, ludicrously, claim that ‘TERF’ is a misogynistic slur. ... The idea—it seems to be—is that ‘TERF’ is a term used to denigrate women, and so it is a slur. However, this is an absurd, nonsensical view of the nature of slurs.

[Smythe_2018-1] [1]
Smythe, Viv (28 November 2018). "I'm credited with having coined the word 'Terf'. Here's how it happened". The Guardian. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 April 2019. Due to a short series of blogposts from 2008, I have retrospectively been credited as the coiner of the acronym "Terf" (Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists) ... a shorthand to describe one cohort of feminists who self-identify as radical and are unwilling to recognise trans women as sisters, unlike those of us who do.

[Lewis_2019-2] [2]
Lewis, Sophie (7 February 2019). "Opinion | How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans". The New York Times (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน). ISSN 0362-4331. สืบค้นเมื่อ 5 May 2019. If the idea that transphobic harassment could be “feminist” bewilders you, you are not alone. ... With time, the term TERF has become a catchall for all anti-trans feminists, radical or not.

[Miller_2018-3] [3]
Miller, Edie (5 November 2018). "Why Is British Media So Transphobic?" (ภาษาอังกฤษ). The Outline. สืบค้นเมื่อ 3 May 2019. The truth is, while the British conservative right would almost certainly be more than happy to whip up a frenzy of transphobia, they simply haven’t needed to, because some sections of the left over here are doing their hate-peddling for them. The most vocal source of this hatred has emerged, sadly, from within circles of radical feminists. British feminism has an increasingly notorious TERF problem. ... The application of the term has shifted somewhat over time to encompass most people espousing trans-exclusionary politics that follow a particular “TERF logic,” regardless of their involvement with radical feminism.

[Vasquez_2014-4] [4]
Vasquez, Tina (17 February 2014). "It's Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women". Bitch. Bitch Media. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2019-04-13. สืบค้นเมื่อ 13 April 2019. [Cathy] Brennan, fellow attorney Elizabeth Hungerford, and other modern-day feminists continue to actively question the inclusion of trans people in women’s spaces. These feminists refer to themselves as “radical feminists” or “gender critical feminists.” In 2008, trans women and trans advocates started referring to this group as “trans-exclusionary radical feminists” or TERFs, a term Brennan considers a slur.

[BennettBullies-5] [5]
Bennett, Catherine (19 November 2017). "Bullies everywhere delight in coming up with new insults". The Guardian. the advance of terf, as a bullying tool, has already succeeded in repressing speech – and maybe even research ... ugly terf, fucking terf scum

[Heuchan_2017-6] [6]
Heuchan, Claire (6 October 2017). "If feminist Linda Bellos is seen as a risk, progressive politics has lost its way". The Guardian. Terf stands for trans-exclusionary radical feminist. Online, it often it [ตามต้นฉบับ] appears alongside violent rhetoric: punch a Terf, stab a Terf, kill a Terf. This language is used to dehumanise women who are critical of gender as part of a political system.

[Allen_et_al.-7] [7]
Allen, Sophie R.; Finneron-Burns, Elizabeth; Leng, Mary; Lawford-Smith, Holly; Jones, Jane Clare; Reilly-Cooper, Rebecca; Simpson, R. J. (24 September 2018). "On an Alleged Case of Propaganda: Reply to McKinnon" (PDF). representative examples of derogatory uses of the term: ‘kill all TERFs’; ‘shoot a terf today’; ‘all TERFs deserve to be shot in the head’; ‘somebody slap this TERF c*nt across the face’; ‘literally kill all TERFs’ ... To summarize, we’ve considered three specific accounts of slurs, Anderson and Lepore’s account which appeals to whether those targeted by the term take it to be a slur, Nunberg’s account on which slurs signal in-group membership, and Swanson’s account on which slurs cue harmful ideologies. We’ve argued that ‘TERF’ is a slur on all three of the specific accounts surveyed. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)

[Flaherty_2018-8] [8]
Flaherty, Colleen (29 August 2018). "'TERF' War – Philosophers object to a journal's publication 'TERF,' in reference to some feminists. Is it really a slur?". Inside Higher Ed (ภาษาอังกฤษ). สืบค้นเมื่อ 12 April 2019. While the term has become controversial over time, especially with its often hateful deployment on social media, it originally described a subgroup of feminists who believe that the interests of cisgender women (those who are born with vaginas) don’t necessarily intersect with those of transgender women (primarily those born with penises)...TERF 'is widely used across online platforms as a way to denigrate and dismiss the women (and some men) who disagree with the dominant narrative on trans issues...Targeted groups include 'lesbians who merely maintain that same-sex attraction is not equivalent to transphobia,' and 'women who believe that women’s oppression is sex-based, and are concerned about erasing the political importance of female bodies...."

[McKinnon2018-9] [9]
McKinnon, Rachel (7 March 2018). "The Epistemology of Propaganda" (PDF). Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 96 (2): 483–489. doi:10.1111/phpr.12429. many contemporary TERFs accuse trans women of coining the phrase/term—and, ludicrously, claim that ‘TERF’ is a misogynistic slur. ... The idea—it seems to be—is that ‘TERF’ is a term used to denigrate women, and so it is a slur. However, this is an absurd, nonsensical view of the nature of slurs.

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