Wayne Weiten; Margaret A. Lloyd; Dana S. Dunn; Elizabeth Yost Hammer (2008). Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century. Cengage Learning. pp.422–423. ISBN0495553395. สืบค้นเมื่อ January 5, 2012. Vaginal intercourse, known more technically as coitus, involves inserting the penis into the vagina and (typically) pelvic thrusting. ... The man-above, or "missionary," position is the most common [sex position].
Sexual intercourse most commonly means penile–vaginal penetration for sexual pleasure and/or sexual reproduction; dictionary sources state that it especially means this, and scholarly sources over the years agree. See, for example;
"Sexual intercourse". Collins English Dictionary. สืบค้นเมื่อ September 5, 2012.
Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg (2004). Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. pp.193–196. ISBN0471690449. สืบค้นเมื่อ April 29, 2013. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse– more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
Fedwa Malti-Douglas (2007). Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: A-C. Macmillan Reference. p.308. ISBN0028659619. Sexual intercourse. [T]he term coitus indicates a specific act of sexual intercourse that also is known as coition or copulation. This 'coming together' is generally understood in heteronormative terms as the penetration of a woman's vagina by a man's penis.
Irving B. Weiner; W. Edward Craighead (2010). The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. Vol.4. John Wiley & Sons. p.1577. ISBN0470170239. สืบค้นเมื่อ August 21, 2013. Human sexual intercourse, or coitus, is one of the most common sexual outlets among adults. Sexual intercourse generally refers to penile penetration of the vagina...
Clint E. Bruess; Elizabeth Schroeder (2013). Sexuality Education Theory and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p.152. ISBN1449649289. สืบค้นเมื่อ December 5, 2014. Vaginal sex is defined as when a penis or sex toy is inserted into a vagina for pleasure. In many cultures around the world, vaginal sex is what is usually implied when people refer to 'having sex' or 'sexual intercourse.' It is the most frequently studied behavior and is often the focus of sexuality education programming for youth.
Robert Hine (2015). A Dictionary of Biology. OUP Oxford. p.541-542. ISBN0191059447. สืบค้นเมื่อ December 27, 2017. Sexual intercourse (coitus; copulation; mating). The process by which spermatozoa from a male are deposited in the body of a female during sexual reproduction.
Cecie Starr; Beverly McMillan (2015). Human Biology. Cengage Learning. p.339. ISBN1305445945. สืบค้นเมื่อ December 27, 2017. Coitus and copulation are both technical terms for sexual intercourse. The male sex act involves an erection, in which the limp penis stiffens and lengthens. It also involves ejaculation, the forceful expulsion of semen into the urethra and out from the penis. [...] During coitus, pelvic thrusts stimulate the penis as well as the female's clitoris and vaginal wall. The stimulation triggers rhythmic, involuntary contractions in smooth muscle in the male reproductive tract, especially the vas deferens and the prostate. The contractions rapidly force sperm out of each epididymis. They also force the contents of seminal vesicles and the prostate gland into the urethra. The resulting mixture, semen, is ejaculated into the vagina.
Sandra Alters; Wendy Schiff (2012). Essential Concepts for Healthy Living. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp.180–181. ISBN1449630626. สืบค้นเมื่อ August 31, 2013. Most heterosexuals are familiar with the notion of 'having sex' or sexual intercourse as vaginal sex, the insertion of a penis into a vagina. Vaginal sex, or coitus, is the most common and popular form of intimate sexual activity between partners.
Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg (2004). Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. pp.193–196. ISBN0471690449. สืบค้นเมื่อ April 29, 2013. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse– more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
See page 11 onwards and pages 47–49 for views on what constitutes virginity loss and therefore sexual intercourse or other sexual activity; source discusses how gay and lesbian individuals define virginity loss, and how the majority of researchers and heterosexuals define virginity loss/"technical virginity" by whether or not a person has engaged in penile–vaginal sex. Laura M. Carpenter (2005). Virginity Lost: An Intimate Portrait of First Sexual Experiences. NYU Press. pp.295 pages. ISBN0-8147-1652-0. สืบค้นเมื่อ October 9, 2011.
Nancy W. Denney; David Quadagno (2008). Human Sexuality. Mosby-Year Book. p.273. ISBN0801663741. Although the term intercourse is usually used to refer to the insertion of the penis into the vagina, it is also used to refer to oral intercourse or anal intercourse in which the penis is inserted into the mouth or the anus, respectively.
Randall, H. E. & Byers, S. E. (2003). "What is sex? Students' definitions of having sex, sexual partner, and unfaithful sexual behaviour". The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 12: 87–96. Recently, researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have investigated university students' definitions of having sex. These studies found that students differ in their opinions of what sexual behaviours constitute having sex (Pitts & Rahman, 2001; Richters & Song, 1999; Sanders & Reinisch, 1999). While the vast majority of respondents (more than 97%) in these three studies included penile–vaginal intercourse in their definition of sex, fewer (between 70% and 90%) respondents considered penile–anal intercourse to constitute having sex. Oral-genital behaviours were defined as sex by between 32% and 58% of respondents.[ลิงก์เสีย]
Bryan Strong; Christine DeVault; Theodore F. Cohen (2010). The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationship in a Changing Society. Cengage Learning. p.186. ISBN0-534-62425-1. สืบค้นเมื่อ October 8, 2011. Most people agree that we maintain virginity as long as we refrain from sexual (vaginal) intercourse. But occasionally we hear people speak of 'technical virginity' [...] Data indicate that 'a very significant proportion of teens ha[ve] had experience with oral sex, even if they haven't had sexual intercourse, and may think of themselves as virgins' [...] Other research, especially research looking into virginity loss, reports that 35% of virgins, defined as people who have never engaged in vaginal intercourse, have nonetheless engaged in one or more other forms of heterosexual sexual activity (e.g., oral sex, anal sex, or mutual masturbation).