ผู้ใช้:Sasakubo/กระบะทราย
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
สงครามโบะชิง (ญี่ปุ่น: 戊辰戦争; โรมาจิ: Boshin Sensō) เป็นสงครามที่เกิดขึ้นในยุคเมจิ ของประเทศญี่ปุ่น ซึ่งเป็นการต่อสู้ระหว่างกองกำลังฝ่ายรัฐบาลโชกุนโทะกุกะวะ กับฝ่ายที่จงรักภักดีต่อจักพรรดิ และต้องการถวายคืนซึ่งพระราชอำนาจแห่งองค์จักรพรรดิ หลังจากเป็นเสมือนหุ่นเชิดของระบอบโชกุนโทะกุกะวะเป็นเวลานานเกือบ 300 ปี ศูนย์กลางอำนาจของโชกุนอยู่เมืองมุซะชิ หรือเอโดะ ในปัจจุบันคือพื้นที่ของจังหวัดคะนะกะวะ ไซตะมะ และกรุงโตเกียว ส่วนเมืองหลวงหรือศูนย์กลางอำนาจอันอ่อนแอขององค์จักรพรรดิอยู่ที่เมืองเกียวโต
Boshin War 戊辰戦争 (1868–1869) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Samurai of the Satsuma clan, fighting for the Imperial side during the Boshin War period. Photograph by Felice Beato. | |||||||
| |||||||
คู่สงคราม | |||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Saga Domain |
![]() ![]() Republic of Ezo | ||||||
ผู้บังคับบัญชาและผู้นำ | |||||||
Ruler: Meiji Emperor, CIC: Saigō Takamori, Army: Kuroda Kiyotaka |
Shogunate: Ruler: Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Army: Katsu Kaishu, Navy: Enomoto Takeaki, Ezo Republic: President:Enomoto Takeaki, CIC: Otori Keisuke, Navy: Arai Ikunosuke | ||||||
กำลัง | |||||||
~30,000 | ~ 80,000 | ||||||
ความสูญเสีย | |||||||
~1,000 killed[1] | ~3,000 killed[1] |
![Thumb image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BoshinCampaignMap.jpg/640px-BoshinCampaignMap.jpg)
แม่แบบ:Late Tokugawa conflicts แม่แบบ:Campaignbox Boshin War
![Thumb image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/BoshinCampaignMap.jpg/640px-BoshinCampaignMap.jpg)
The ญี่ปุ่น: Boshin War; โรมาจิ: 戊辰戦争; ทับศัพท์: Boshin Sensō[2] was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court.
The war found its origins in dissatisfaction among many nobles and young samurai with the shogunate's handling of foreigners following the opening of Japan during the prior decade. An alliance of southern samurai (particularly the domains of Chōshū, Satsuma and Tosa) and court officials secured control of the imperial court and influenced the young Emperor Meiji. Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the sitting shogun, realizing the futility of his situation, abdicated political power to the emperor. Yoshinobu had hoped that by doing this, the Tokugawa house could be preserved and participate in the future government.
However, military movements by imperial forces, partisan violence in Edo, and an imperial decree promoted by Satsuma and Choshu abolishing the house of Tokugawa led Yoshinobu to launch a military campaign to seize the emperor's court at Kyoto. The military tide rapidly turned in favor of the smaller but relatively modernized imperial faction, and after a series of battles culminating in the surrender of Edo, Yoshinobu personally surrendered. Those loyal to the Tokugawa retreated to northern Honshū and later to Hokkaidō, where they founded the Ezo republic. Defeat at the Battle of Hakodate broke this last holdout and left the imperial rule supreme throughout the whole of Japan, completing the military phase of the Meiji Restoration.
Around 120,000 men were mobilized during the conflict, and of these about 3,500 were killed.[1] In the end, the victorious imperial faction abandoned its objective to expel foreigners from Japan and instead adopted a policy of continued modernization with an eye to eventual renegotiation of the Unequal Treaties with the Western powers. Due to the persistence of Saigō Takamori, a prominent leader of the imperial faction, the Tokugawa loyalists were shown clemency, and many former shogunate leaders were later given positions of responsibility under the new government.
The Boshin War testifies to the advanced state of modernization already achieved by Japan barely fourteen years after its opening to the West, the already high involvement of Western nations (especially Britain and France) in the country's politics, and the rather turbulent installation of Imperial power. Over time, the war has been romanticized by Japanese and others who view the Meiji Restoration as a "bloodless revolution," despite the number of casualties.