Vita vya tatu vya Kiyahudi

Vita vya tatu vya Kiyahudi dhidi ya Warumi (132–136 BK) vilifanyika hasa katika Yudea, sehemu ya Dola la Roma.

Ramani ya Palestina katika karne ya 1.

Vilifuata vile vya kwanza (66-73) vilivyotokea katika Yudea na vya pili (115–117), hasa nje ya Palestina (Libya, Misri, Kupro na Mesopotamia).

Pamoja na ushujaa wa Wayahudi waliopigania uhuru wa nchi yao chini ya Simoni Bar Kokhba, hatimaye Warumi walipata ushindi, waliangamiza Wayahudi wengi, walifuta mamlaka yao ya ndani na kuwafukuza moja kwa moja kutoka Yerusalemu iliyojengwa upya kama mji wa Kiroma uliotwa "Aelia Capitolina". Wayahudi waliruhusiwa kuutembelea lakini waliweza kurudi tu baada ya uvamizi wa Kiislamu mnamo mwaka 638.

Tanbihi

Marejeo

• Eshel, Hanan (2003). "The Dates used during the Bar Kokhba Revolt". Katika Peter Schäfer (mhr.). The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome. Mohr Siebeck. ku. 95–96. ISBN 978-3-16-148076-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Yohannan Aharoni & Michael Avi-Yonah, The MacMillan Bible Atlas, Revised Edition, pp. 164–65 (1968 & 1977 by Carta Ltd.)
• The Documents from the Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters (Judean Desert studies). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1963–2002.
  • Vol. 2, "Greek Papyri", edited by Naphtali Lewis; "Aramaic and Nabatean Signatures and Subscriptions", edited by Yigael Yadin and Jonas C. Greenfield. (ISBN 9652210099).
  • Vol. 3, "Hebrew, Aramaic and Nabatean–Aramaic Papyri", edited Yigael Yadin, Jonas C. Greenfield, Ada Yardeni, BaruchA. Levine (ISBN 9652210463).
• W. Eck, 'The Bar Kokhba Revolt: the Roman point of view' in the Journal of Roman Studies 89 (1999) 76ff.
• Peter Schäfer (editor), Bar Kokhba reconsidered, Tübingen: Mohr: 2003
• Aharon Oppenheimer, 'The Ban of Circumcision as a Cause of the Revolt: A Reconsideration', in Bar Kokhba reconsidered, Peter Schäfer (editor), Tübingen: Mohr: 2003
• Faulkner, Neil. Apocalypse: The Great Jewish Revolt Against Rome. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Tempus Publishing, 2004 (hardcover, ISBN 0-7524-2573-0).
• Goodman, Martin. The Ruling Class of Judaea: The Origins of the Jewish Revolt against Rome, A.D. 66–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987 (hardcover, ISBN 0-521-33401-2); 1993 (paperback, ISBN 0-521-44782-8).
• Richard Marks: The Image of Bar Kokhba in Traditional Jewish Literature: False Messiah and National Hero: University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press: 1994: ISBN 0-271-00939-X
• David Ussishkin: "Archaeological Soundings at Betar, Bar-Kochba's Last Stronghold", in: Tel Aviv. Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 20 (1993) 66ff.
• Yadin, Yigael. Bar-Kokhba: The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome. New York: Random House, 1971 (hardcover, ISBN 0-394-47184-9); London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971 (hardcover, ISBN 0-297-00345-3).
• Mildenberg, Leo. The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War. Switzerland: Schweizerische Numismatische Gesellschaft, Zurich, 1984 (hardcover, ISBN 3-7941-2634-3).

Viungo vya nje

• Wars between the Jews and Romans: Simon ben Kosiba (130-136 CE) Archived 30 Juni 2007 at the Wayback Machine., with English translations of sources.
• Photographs from Yadin's book Bar Kokhba Archived 17 Januari 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
• Archaeologists find tunnels from Jewish revolt against Romans by the Associated Press. Haaretz March 14, 2006
• Bar Kokba and Bar Kokba War Jewish Encyclopedia

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