Saccharomyces cerevisiae är den vanligaste arten av jästsvamp och har använts sedan urminnes tider, både till bakning och bryggning. Den är encellig, äggformad och 5-10 mikrometer lång. Den förökar sig genom knoppning.
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
 Här syns enskilda encelliga jästsvampar som stora bubblor | |
| Systematik | |
|---|---|
| Domän | Eukaryoter Eukaryota |
| Rike | Svampar Fungi |
| Stam | Sporsäcksvampar Ascomycota |
| Klass | Saccharomycetes |
| Ordning | Saccharomycetales |
| Familj | Saccharomycetaceae |
| Släkte | Saccharomyces |
| Art | S. cerevisiae |
| Vetenskapligt namn | |
| § Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |
| Auktor | Meyen ex E.C. Hansen |
| Synonymer | |
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. pelliculosus Meyen ex E.C. Hansen [1] Saccharomyces cerevisiae f. pini Yoney. 1996[1] Saccharomyces boulardii Seguela, Bastide & Massot 1984[2] Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Santa María 1978[3] Saccharomyces hispalensis Santa María 1978[4] Saccharomyces acidosaccharophillii Kawano et al.{?} 1976[1] Saccharomyces gaditensis Santa María 1970[5] Saccharomyces cordubensis Santa María 1970[6] Saccharomyces beticus Marcilla ex Santa María 1970[7] Saccharomyces hispanica Santa María 1968[8] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. fructuum (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) V. Jensen 1967[9] Saccharomyces diastaticus J. Andrews & R.B. Gilliland ex Van der Walt 1965[10] Saccharomyces onubensis Santa María 1964[11] Saccharomyces norbensis Santa María 1963[12] Saccharomyces hienipiensis Santa María 1962[13] Saccharomyces melibiosi (Uden & Assis-Lopes) E.K. Novák & Zsolt 1961[1] Saccharomyces vini Meyen ex Kudryavtsev 1960[14] Saccharomyces vini var. vini Meyen ex Kudryavtsev 1960[14] Saccharomyces vini var. cerevisiae Kudryavtsev 1960[14] Saccharomyces uvarum var. melibiosus Kudryavtsev 1960[15] Saccharomyces vini var. cartilaginosus Kudryavtsev 1960[14] Saccharomyces uvarum var. carlsbergensis Kudryavtsev 1960[15] Saccharomyces oviformis var. cheresiensis Kudryavtsev 1960[15] Saccharomyces carlsbergensis var. alcoholophilus Shehata 1960[16] Saccharomyces prostoserdovii Kudryavtsev 1960[17] Saccharomyces oxidans Santa María 1959[18] Saccharomyces aceti Santa María 1959[18] Saccharomyces oleaginosus Santa María 1958[19] Saccharomyces oleaceus Santa María 1958[19] Saccharomyces italicus var. melibiosi Uden & Assis-Lopes 1957[20] Saccharomyces capensis Van der Walt & Tscheuschner 1956[21] Mycotorula robusta (Diddens & Lodder) Krassiln. 1954[1] Saccharomyces veronae var. osloensis Dietrichson 1954[22] Saccharomyces steineri Lodder & Kreger-van Rij 1952[23] Saccharomyces fructuum Lodder & Kreger-van Rij 1952[24] Saccharomycodes beticus (Marcilla ex Santa María) Marcilla & Feduchi 1943[1] Saccharomyces manginii var. miso Mogi 1942[1] Candida robusta Diddens & Lodder 1942[25] Saccharomyces italicus var. italicus T. Castelli 1939[1] Saccharomyces italicus T. Castelli 1939[26] Saccharomyces oviformis var. bisporus T. Castelli 1938[27] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus var. major T. Castelli 1938[28] Saccharomyces carbajalii Ruíz Oronoz 1938[29] Saccharomyces praecisus Nakazawa & Simo 1936[1] Saccharomyces robustus Nakaz. & Simo 1936[1] Saccharomyces wildiersii Winge & A. Hjort 1935[1] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus var. umbra T. Castelli 1935[1] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. onychophilus Zach 1934[30] Saccharomyces peka Y. Takeda 1934[31] Saccharomyces formosensis Nakaz. 1933[1] Saccharomyces manginii var. casei Sacch. 1933[32] Saccharomyces cartilaginosus var. italicus Sacchetti 1932[1] Saccharomyces elongatus Krumbholz 1932[1] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. cratericus (Lindner) Lodder 1932[1] Saccharomyces hutensis Kuff. ex Stell.-Dekk. 1931[33] Saccharomyces chevalieri var. lindneri (Guillierm.) Stell.-Dekk. 1931[34] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. turbidans (E.C. Hansen) Stell.-Dekk. 1931[35] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. pulmonalis (Redaelli) Stell.-Dekk. 1931[36] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. marchalianus (Kuff.) Stell.-Dekk. 1931[37] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus (E.C. Hansen) Stell.-Dekk. 1931[38] Saccharomyces carlsbergensis var. polymorphus Stell.-Dekk. 1931[39] Saccharomyces carlsbergensis var. mandschuricus (Saito) Stell.-Dekk. 1931[40] Saccharomyces eriobotryae Suminoe & Miwa 1930[1] Saccharomyces busae-tauricae Tschekan{?} 1929[1] Saccharomyces busae-asiaticae Tschekan{?} 1929[1] Saccharomyces annulatus Negroni 1929[41] Saccharomyces pulmonalis Redaelli 1925[42] Saccharomyces pastorianus J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces oviformis var. oviformis Osterw. 1924[44] Saccharomyces valesiacus Osterw. 1924[45] Saccharomyces oviformis Osterw. 1924[44] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus var. typica J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces chodatii J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces cerevisiae J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces cerevisiae J.M. Steiner 1924[43] Saccharomyces odessa Schnegg & Oehlkers 1922[46] Saccharomyces marchalianus Kuff. 1920[47] Saccharomyces mandshuricus f. i Saito 1914[48] Saccharomyces mandshuricus f. iv Saito 1914[48] Saccharomyces mandshuricus f. iii Saito 1914[48] Saccharomyces mandshuricus f. ii Saito 1914[48] Saccharomyces mandshuricus Saito 1914[48] Saccharomyces manginii var. manginii Guillierm. 1914[1] Saccharomyces chevalieri var. chevalieri Guillierm. 1914[49] Saccharomyces chevalieri Guillierm. 1914[49] Saccharomyces lindneri Guillierm. 1914[50] Saccharomyces manginii Guillierm. 1914[51] Saccharomyces anamensis H. Will & F. Heinrich 1913[1] Saccharomyces shaoshing Takah.{?} 1911[1] Saccharomyces coreanus Saito 1910[52] Saccharomyces multisporus A. Jörg. 1909[1] Saccharomyces logos van Laer ex A. Jörg. 1909[1] Saccharomyces brasiliensis Lindner 1909[1] Saccharomyces yedo Nakaz. 1909[53] Saccharomyces tokyo Nakaz. 1909[53] Saccharomyces carlsbergensis var. carlsbergensis E.C. Hansen 1908[54] Saccharomyces batatas Saito 1907[55] Saccharomyces thermantitonum G. Johnson{?} 1905[1] Saccharomyces intermedius var. intermedius E.C. Hansen 1904[1] Saccharomyces validus E.C. Hansen 1904[56] Saccharomyces turbidans E.C. Hansen 1904[57] Saccharomyces intermedius E.C. Hansen 1904[57] Saccharomyces cerevisiae-agavica-sylvestre Carbajal 1901[1] Saccharomyces sake K. Yabe 1897[58] Saccharomyces cartilaginosus var. cartilaginosus Lindner 1895[59] Saccharomyces cratericus Lindner 1895[60] Saccharomyces cartilaginosus Lindner 1895[61] Saccharomyces vordermanii Went & Prins. Geerl. 1894[62] Saccharomyces willianus Sacc. 1893[63] Saccharomyces ilicis Grønlund 1893[64] Saccharomyces vini-muntz Kayser 1892[1] Saccharomyces cerevisiae f. cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen 1883[1] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen 1883[1] Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen 1883[1] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus var. ellipsoideus Reess 1870[65] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus Reess 1870[65] Saccharomyces ellipsoideus Reess 1870[65] Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Seguela, Bastide & Massot) Mallié, Nguyen Van, Bertout, C. Vaill. & Bastide 2001[66] Saccharomyces vini Meyen[1] | |
Den första jästen som människan använde kom troligtvis från skalet på vindruvor. Man kan se jästen som en del av det mycket tunna vita lager som finns utanpå dessa och liknande frukter. Särskilt bra syns det på mörka varianter.
Jästsvampen är troligtvis den mest utforskade eukaryota organismen. Den spelar samma viktiga roll som modellorganism för studier av eukaryota celler som Escherichia coli gör för studier av prokaryota celler. Artens genom är ca 12 Mb långt och innehåller cirka 6 300 gener.[67]
Referenser
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