Suharto
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Soeharto (gumelar di Dusun Kemusuk, Desa Argomulyo, Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta, 8 Juni 1921 – tilar dunya di Jakarta, 27 Januari 2008 dina umur 86 taun) nyaéta présidén Indonesia kadua nu ngajabat ti taun 1967 dugi ka 1998.
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Soeharto | |
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Presiden Indonesia | |
Masa jabatan 12 Maret 1967 – 21 Mei 1998 | |
Wakil Presiden | Hamengkubuwono IX Adam Malik Umar Wirahadikusumah Sudharmono Try Sutrisno Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie |
Saméméhna | Soekarno |
Sanggeusna | Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie |
Sekretaris Jendral Gerakan Non Blok | |
Masa jabatan 7 September 1992 – 20 Oktober 1995 | |
Saméméhna | Dobrica Ćosić |
Sanggeusna | Ernesto Samper Pizano |
Katerangan lian | |
Gumelar | 8 Juni 1921 Kemusuk, Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
Pupus | 27 Januari 2008 (yuswa 86) Jakarta, Indonesia |
Partéy pulitik | Partey Golkar |
Pameget/istri | Siti Hartinah (d. 1996) |
Murangkalih | Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti Sigit Harjojudanto Bambang Trihatmodjo Siti Hediyati Hariyadi Hutomo Mandala Putra Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih |
Pagawéan | Militer, Politikus |
Ageman | Islam |
Tanda tangan | ![]() |
Daftar pustaka
- "Two former strongmen, Soeharto-Lee Kuan Yew meet again". ANTARA. 2006-02-22. http://www.antara.co.id/en/seenws/?id=9296. Diakses pada 22 February 2006
- Aarons, Mark (2008). "Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide". Di David A. Blumenthal; Timothy L. H. McCormack. The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance?. International Humanitarian Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-9004156913.
- Anderson, Benedict R.; McVey, Ruth T. (2009). A Preliminary Analysis of 1 October 1965 Coup in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9786028397520.
- "Army in Jakarta Imposes a Ban on Communists". The New York Times. 1965-10-19. https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/19/archives/army-in-jakarta-imposes-a-ban-on-communists-extent-of-order-unclear.html. Diakses pada 9 March 2021
- Aspinall, Ed (Citakan:ISO date/checkdate). "What happened before the riots?". Inside Indonesia (48). http://www.insideindonesia.org/edit48/ed.htm Archived 5 Méi 2005 di Wayback Machine
- Aspinall, Ed; Klinken, Gerry van; Feith, Herb, ed. (1999). The Last Days of President Suharto. Clayton AU-VIC: Monash Asia Institute. ISBN 073261175X.
- Bevins, Vincent (2020). The Jakarta Method: Washington's Anticommunist Crusade and the Mass Murder Program that Shaped Our World. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1541742406.
- "Attorney general doubts Soeharto can be prosecuted". The Jakarta Post. 2005-05-27
- Blum, William (1995). Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II. Monroe, Me.: Common Courage Press. ISBN 1-56751-052-3.
- Camdessus Commends Indonesian ActionsArchived 9 Nopémber 2016 di Wayback Machine. Press Release. International Monetary Fund. (31 October 1997)
- "CIA Stalling State Department Histories". The National Security Archive. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 March 2012. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2005.
- Colmey, John (1999-05-24). "The Family Firm". TIME Asia. http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990524/cover1.html Archived 8 Pébruari 2001 di Wayback Machine
- Conboy, Kenneth J. (2003). Kopassus: Inside Indonesia's Special Forces. Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9789799589880. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 March 2023. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
- Robert Cribb, "Genocide in Indonesia,1965–1966". Journal of Genocide Research no.2:219–239, 2001.
- Elson, Robert E. (2001). Suharto: A Political Biography. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77326-1.
- Dijk, Kees van (2001). A country in despair : Indonesia between 1997 and 2000. Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN 9789067181600.
- Friend, Theodore (2003). Indonesian Destinies. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01834-6.
- "H.AMDT.647 (A003): An amendment to prohibit any funds appropriated in the bill to be used for military education and training assistance to Indonesia". THOMAS (Library of Congress). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 January 2016. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2006. Archived 13 Januari 2016 di Wayback Machine
- Hughes, John (2002) [1976]. The End of Sukarno – A Coup that Misfired: A Purge that Ran Wild. Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-4068-65-9.
- "Indonesia: Arrests, torture and intimidation: The Government's response to its critics". Amnesty International. 1996-11-27. http://web.amnesty.org/library/eng-idn/index&start=391
- "Indonesia Economic". Commanding Heights. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2012. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2005.
- "Jakarta Cabinet Faces Challenge". The New York Times. 1965-12-16
- "Jakarta Leftist Out As Army Chief". New York Times. 1965-10-15
- "Jakarta Cabinet Faces Challenge". The New York Times. 1965-12-16
- Lashmar, Paul; Oliver, James (2000-04-16). "MI6 Spread Lies to Put Killer in Power". The Independent (UK)
- Lashmar, Paul; Oliver, James (1999). Britain's Secret Propaganda War. Sutton Pub Ltd. ISBN 0-7509-1668-0.
- McDonald, H. (1980). Suharto's Indonesia. Blackburn AU: Fontana Books. ISBN 0-00-635721-0.
- Melvin, Jess (2018). The Army and the Indonesian Genocide: Mechanics of Mass Murder. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-57469-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 June 2019. Diakses tanggal 21 November 2021.
- "Public Expenditures, Prices and the Poor". World Bank. 1993年. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/dg/povertys.nsf/0/2f56edbf2ef22ff185256b2100754284?OpenDocument
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300 (2nd ed.). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-333-57690-X.
- Rock, Michael T. (2003). The Politics of Development Policy and Development Policy Reform (PDF). William Davidson Institute Working Paper Number 632. The University of Michigan Business School. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 12 December 2013. Diakses tanggal 11 June 2013.
- Purdey, Jemma (2006). Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia, 1996–1999. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824830571.
- Robinson, Geoffrey B. (2018). The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965-66. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400888863.
- John Roosa, Pretext for Mass Murder: 30 September Movement & Suharto's Coup D'état. The University of Wisconsin Press, 2006. Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "Catalog lookup link".Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "check isxn"..
- Simpson, Brad (2004-07-09). "Indonesia's 1969 Takeover of West Papua Not by "Free Choice"". National Security Archive. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB128/index.htm. Diakses pada 17 June 2005
- Schwarz, Adam (1994). A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s. Westview Press. ISBN 9780813388816.
- Simpson, Bradley (2010). Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and U.S.–Indonesian Relations, 1960–1968. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804771825. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 25 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 21 November 2021.
- "Suharto tops corruption rankings". BBC News. 2004-03-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3567745.stm. Diakses pada 4 February 2006
- "Sukarno Removes His Defense Chief". New York Times. 1966-02-22
- "Tapol Troubles: When Will They End?". Inside Indonesia. Citakan:ISO date/checkdate. http://insideindonesia.org/index.php/component/content/693?task=view Archived 5 Maret 2012 di Wayback Machine
- Pramoedya Ananta Toer (2000). The Mute's Soliloquy: A Memoir. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-028904-6.
- "United Nations High Commission on Human Rights resolution 1993/97: Situation in East Timor". United Nations. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 February 2012. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2006.
- Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521542623.
- Wanandi, Jusuf (2012). Shades of Grey: A Political Memoir of Modern Indonesia 1965–1998. Singapore: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 9789793780924.
- Weiner, Tim (2007). "Chapter 15, CIA and Indonesia". Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-3-596-17865-0.
- Wertheim, W.F. (1979). "Whose plot?-New light on the 1965 events". Journal of Contemporary Asia 9 (2): 197–215. doi:10.1080/00472337985390191.
- Wiranto (2011). 7 Tahun Menggali Pemikiran dan Tindakan Pak Harto 1991–1997 [7 Years Exploring the Thoughts and Actions of Pak Harto 1991–1997]. Jakarta: PT Citra Kharisma Bunda. ISBN 9786028112123.
Jabatan pulitik | ||
---|---|---|
Saméméhna Sukarno |
Presiden Indonesia 1945 - 1967 |
Sanggeusna Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie |
Saméméhna Dobrica Ćosić |
Sekretaris Jendral Gerakan Non Blok 1992 - 1995 |
Sanggeusna Ernesto Samper Pizano |
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