Мексичка револуција (шпа.) је израз којим се описују политичка превирања, пучеви и серија грађанских ратова у Мексику који су оквирно трајали од 1910. до 1920. године.
Овај чланак је о политичким превирањима и грађанском рату у Мексику 1910-их. За мексичку борбу за независност почетком 19. века погледајте Мексички рат за независност.
Призори из Мексичке револуције.
Отпочео је као настојање мексичких либерала на челу са Франсиском Мадером да се свргне вишедеценијски аутократски режим председника Порфирија Дијаза; године 1911. је Дијаз био присиљен да одступи, те је нови председник постао Мадеро. Његово оклевање да спроведе популарне социјалне и економске реформе је изазвало нове побуне од радикалних револуционара, а почетком 1913. пуч у коме га је свргнуо и убио генерал Викторијано Уерта.[1][2] Њега је, пак, године 1914. уз помоћ Панча Виље и Емилијана Запате свргнуо Венустијано Каранза; одмах потом су се Виља и Запата сукобили са Каранзом, који их је постепено успео војнички поразити и прикупити довољно политичке подршке да почетком 1917. исходи доношење новог устава са бројним реформама које су укључивале расподелу земље сиромашним сељацима и секуларизацију државе. Тај се догађај понекад наводи као крај револуције, иако су се оружани сукоби наставили још три године, а сам Каранза 1920. био свргнут у пучу који је извео његов дотадашњи присталица Алваро Обрегон.[3][4]
Нови режим је, међутим, тековине Устава оставио нетакнутим и, упркос повременим мањим устанцима и побунама до краја 1920-их, омогућио постепено претварање Мексика у једну од политички најстабилнијих земаља Латинске Америке. Тековине Мексичке револуције су представљале политичку платформу Националне револуционарне партије, данас познате као Институционална револуционарна партија, а која је Мексиком формално владала од оснивања 1929. до 2000. године.
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Биографија и друштвена историја
Baldwin, Deborah J. Protestants and the Mexican Revolution: Missionaries, Ministers, and Social Change. Urbana: University of Illinois Press 1990.
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Регионалне историје
Benjamin, Thomas and Mark Wasserman, eds. Provinces of the Revolution. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990.
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Међународне димензије
Buchenau, Jürgen, "Mexican Revolution: Foreign Intervention" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 2, pp.865–869. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.
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Cline, Howard F. The United States and Mexico. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961.
Gilderhus, M.T. Diplomacy and Revolution: U.S.-Mexican Relations under Wilson and Carranza. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1977.
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Teitelbaum, Louis M. Woodrow Wilson and the Mexican Revolution. New York: Exposition Press, 1967.
Сећање и културне димензије
Benjamin, Thomas. La Revolución: Mexico's Great Revolution as Memory, Myth, and History. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000.
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Историографија
Bailey, D. M. "Revisionism and the recent historiography of the Mexican Revolution." Hispanic American Historical Review 58#1 (1978), 62–79.
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Примарни извори
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Wasserman, Mark. The Mexican Revolution: A Brief History with Documents. (Bedford Cultural Editions Series) first edition, 2012.