Adi Šankara

Adi Šankaračarja (Sanskrit: आदि शङ्कराआचार्य }) bio je indijski filozof i teolog iz 8. veka^[2] koji je konsolidovao doktrine Advajta Vedanta.^{[1][3][note 1]} On je zaslužan za objedinjavanje i uspostavljanje glavnih tokova misli u hinduizmu.^[5][6][7]

Adi Šankara
Adi Šankara sa sledbenicima, rad Raža Ravi Varme (1904)
Ime po rođenju	Šankara
Datum rođenja	788.[1]
Mesto rođenja	Kaladi sadašnji Kočin, Kerala  Indija
Datum smrti	820.[1] (starost 32)
Mesto smrti	Kedarnat sadašnji Utarakand  Indija
Prebivalište	Indija
Državljanstvo	indijsko
Zanimanje	filozof i teolog

Njegovi radovi na sanskrtu raspravljaju o jedinstvu atmana i Nirgune Brahmana „brahmana bez atributa”.^[8] On je napisao bogate komentare o vedskom kanonu (, glavnim Upanišadima i Bhagavadgiti) u prilog svojoj tezi.^[9] Njegova dela obrađuju ideje pronađene u Upanišadima. Šankarove publikacije su kritikovale ritualno orijentisanu školu hinduizma Mimamsa.^[10] On je takođe objasnio ključnu razliku između hinduizma i budizma, navodeći da hinduizam tvrdi da „Atman (duša, ja) postoji”, dok budizam tvrdi da „nema duše, nema sebstva”.^[11][12][13]

Šankara je putovao širom Indijskog potkontinenta kako bi propagirao svoju filozofiju kroz diskurse i debate sa drugim misliocima. On je uspostavio važnost monaškog života kakav je sankcionisan u Upanišadima i Brahma Sutri, u vremenu kada je škola Mimamsa uspostavila strogi ritual i ismejavala monaštvo. Smatra se da je on osnovao četiri matasa („manastira”), koji su pomogli u istorijskom razvoju, oživljavanju i širenju Advajta Vedante, te je poznat kao najveći revivalista.^[14] Smatra se da je Adi Šankara organizator monaškog reda Dašanami i da je objedinio tradiciju Šanmata. On je poznat i kao Adi Šankaračarija, Šankara Bagavatpada, (Ādi) Śaṅkarācārya, Śaṅkara Bhagavatpāda i Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya.

Napomene

1. Modern scholarship places Shankara in the earlier part of the 8th century CE (c. 700–750).^[3] Earlier generations of scholars proposed 788–820 CE.^[3] Other proposals are 686–718 CE, 44 BCE,^[4] or as early as 509–477 BCE.

Reference

1. Sharma 1962, стр. vi.
2. „Shankara | Indian philosopher”. Encyclopedia Britannica.
3. Comans 2000, стр. 163.
4. Y. Keshava Menon, The Mind of Adi Shankaracharya 1976 pp. 108
5. Johannes de Kruijf and Ajaya Sahoo (2014), Indian Transnationalism Online: New Perspectives on Diaspora. 978-1-4724-1913-2. стр. 105., Quote: "In other words, according to Adi Shankara's argument, the philosophy of Advaita Vedanta stood over and above all other forms of Hinduism and encapsulated them. This then united Hinduism; (...) Another of Adi Shankara's important undertakings which contributed to the unification of Hinduism was his founding of a number of monastic centers."
6. Shankara, Student's Encyclopedia Britannia – India (2000), Volume 4, Encyclopaedia Britannica Publishing. 978-0-85229-760-5. стр. 379., Quote: "Shankaracharya, philosopher and theologian, most renowned exponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy, from whose doctrines the main currents of modern Indian thought are derived.";
   David Crystal (2004), The Penguin Encyclopedia, Penguin Books, pp. 1353, Quote: "[Shankara] is the most famous exponent of Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy and the source of the main currents of modern Hindu thought."
7. Christophe Jaffrelot (1998), The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India, Columbia University Press. 978-0-231-10335-0. стр. 2., Quote: "The main current of Hinduism – if not the only one – which became formalized in a way that approximates to an ecclesiastical structure was that of Shankara".
8. Sri Adi Shankaracharya, Sringeri Sharada Peetham, India
9. Pattanaik, Devdutt. „How Adi Shankaracharya united a fragmented land with philosophy, poetry and pilgrimage”. Scroll.in.
10. Shyama Kumar Chattopadhyaya (2000) The Philosophy of Sankar's Advaita Vedanta, Sarup & Sons, New Delhi 81-7625-222-0
11. Edward Roer (Translator), to Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad. Shankara's Introduction на сајту Гугл књиге
12. Edward Roer (Translator), Shankara's Introduction, стр. 3, на сајту Гугл књиге to Brihad Aranyaka Upanishad at pp. 3, OCLC 19373677
13. KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge. 978-81-208-0619-1. стр. 246-249., from note 385 onwards;
    Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State University of New York Press. 978-0-7914-2217-5. стр. 64.; Quote: "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of ātman is central to Brahmanical thought). Put very briefly, this is the [Buddhist] doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence.";
    Edward Roer (Translator), Shankara's Introduction на сајту Гугл књиге]
    Katie Javanaud (2013), Is The Buddhist 'No-Self' Doctrine Compatible With Pursuing Nirvana?, Philosophy Now;
    John C. Plott et al. (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass. 978-81-208-0158-5. стр. 63., Quote: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ātman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism".
14. The Seven Spiritual Laws Of Yoga, Deepak Chopra, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, 81-265-0696-2

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Spoljašnje veze

• Adi Shankara на сајту Пројекат Гутенберг (језик: енглески)
• Adi Šankara на сајту  (језик: енглески)
• Adi Šankara на сајту Internet Archive (језик: енглески)