Nhangande Rudarikira

Nhangande Rudarikira (transition elements) imhando yenhangande dzinoti gokerero (shell/orbital) rezasi chakaperevedza (hachina kuzara) asi gokerero rekumucheto riine mhodzigetsi (electrons) dzakakwana. Nhangande rudarikira dzine nhamba dzeatomu dzinoti: 21–29, 39–47, 57–79, uye 89–107. Saka zita rokuti nhangande Rudarikira rinobva pakuti gokerero remukati rakaperevedza asi gokerero rekumucheto rizere. Nickel imhando yenhangande rudarikira.

• Nhangande rukondo (transition element) - fananidzai nemazwi eHerero ari paMitauro yeBantu.

Mapoka eNhangande Rudarikira

Zvichibva muGold Book ravo veIUPAC vanoti nhangande rudarikira inhangande ine gokerero-D (D-orbital) rakaperevedza pakuverengwa kwemhodzigetsi kana kuti nhangande inobuditsa manondanhuka aine gokerero-D rakaperevedza. Kutsetsenura kweduramazwi iri kunoreva kuti mapoka 3-11 ari pasi penhanhgande rudarikira. Mukutsetsura seizvi IUPAC yakasiya boka-12 kubva mubande renhangande rudarikira - zvoreva kuti zinc, cadmium and mercury dzakasiiwa kunze kwenhangande rudarikira.

Asi vamwe ana mhizhamushonga (chemist) vanochinjanisa zita renhangande dzeDandare-D (D-block) nenhanagande rudarikira, saka ava vanenge vachibatanidzira mapoka 3-12 senhangande rudarikira. Panhambo iyi, nhangande dzeboka 12 dzinobatwa nemutowo wakasarudzika wenhangande rudarikira unotendera kuti mhodzigetsi dzegokerero-D dzisagoverwa pakubhondha kwemitombo.

Mitauro yeBantu

• Chewa vanoti koka (v. encircle, surround) vachireva kukokera. Sokuti: Vakamhanya kunobatsira mumwe wavo akanga akokwa nembwa dzaMatinenga.
• Nyanja inoti kukokera (sweep around an island as a boat; sweep around - as of a person around object). MaZulu vanoti isikokela (n. 1. Place surrounded by· a wall/fence. 2. Company).
• Herero inoti konda (v. to cross a river or plain; crossover). Mamwe mazwi: ikondo (dark coloured with white stripe; divided by a white stripe). Okukonda (v. to cut through; divide).
• Herero vanoti konda (v. go over or through as in crossing a river). Mamwe mazwi: konda (v. overstep the boundary; cross river or plain; crossover).
• Herero inoti otyi-kondo (n. transition - go over, through, as from one side of river to another 2. v. to cross a river or plain; crossover) kureva kuyambuka.