Zlata medalja Kraljeve astronomske družbe

Zlata medalja Kraljeve astronomske družbe (izvirno angleško Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society) je najvišja znanstvena nagrada, ki jo podeljuje Kraljeva astronomska družba (RAS) iz Londona.

Zlata medalja Kraljeve astronomske družbe Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Zlata medalja podeljena Asaphu Hallu leta 1879
Podeljeno za	dosežke na področju geofizike, solarne fizike, solarno-zemeljske fizike, planetarne znanosti, astronomije, kozmologije, fizike vesoljskih delcev in kozmokemije
Podeljuje	Kraljeva astronomska družba
Država	Združeno kraljestvo
Prvič	1824
Zadnjič	2017
Uradna spletna stran

Zgodovina

V začetku so podeljevali več kot eno medaljo na leto. Od leta 1833 podeljujejo le eno medaljo na leto. To je pri odkritju planeta Neptun leta 1846 povzročilo težave, ker so mnogi menili, da bi morali medaljo podeliti Adamsu in Le Verrieru. Tako leta 1847 niso podelili nobene medalje.

Prejemniki

Medaljo so dvakrat prejeli: Airy, Baily, Bessel, Encke, Hansen, John Herschel, Huggins, Le Verrier, Pickering.

leto	slika	astronomija	geofizika	opombe	sklici
2017		Kaiser, NickNick Kaiser			[1]
			Dougherty, MicheleMichele Dougherty
2016		Barrow, John DavidJohn David Barrow			[2]
			England, PhilipPhilip England
2015		Mayor, MichelMichel Mayor			[3]
			Lockwood, MichaelMichael Lockwood
2014		Frenk, CarlosCarlos Frenk			[4][5]
			Zarnecki, JohnJohn Zarnecki
2013		Blandford, Roger DavidRoger David Blandford			[4][6]
			Chapman, ChrisChris Chapman
2012		Fabian, AndrewAndrew Fabian			[4][7]
			Brown, John CampbellJohn Campbell Brown
2011		Ellis, Richard SalisburyRichard Salisbury Ellis			[4][8]
			Grün, EberhardEberhard Grün
2010		Gough, DouglasDouglas Gough			[4][9]
			Woodhouse, JohnJohn Woodhouse
2009		Williams, David A.David A. Williams			[4][10]
			Priest, EricEric Priest
2008		Silk, JosephJoseph Silk			[4]
			Kennett, BrianBrian Kennett
2007		Culhane, LeonardLeonard Culhane			[4]
			Weiss, Nigel OscarNigel Oscar Weiss
2006		White, Simon David MantonSimon David Manton White			[4]
			Cowley, StanStan Cowley
2005	Burbidge, Eleanor Margaret PeacheyEleanor Margaret Peachey Burbidge		[lower-alpha 1]	[4]
		Burbidge, Geoffrey RonaldGeoffrey Ronald Burbidge
			Jordan, CaroleCarole Jordan
2004		Ostriker, Jeremiah PaulJeremiah Paul Ostriker			[4]
			Turner, GrenvilleGrenville Turner
2003		Bahcall, John NorrisJohn Norris Bahcall			[4]
			Gubbins, DavidDavid Gubbins
2002		Mestel, LeonLeon Mestel			[4]
			Jacobs, John ArthurJohn Arthur Jacobs
2001		Bondi, HermannHermann Bondi			[4]
			Rishbeth, HenryHenry Rishbeth
2000		Lucy, LeonLeon Lucy			[4][11]
			Hutchison, RobertRobert Hutchison
1999		Paczyński, BohdanBohdan Paczyński			[4]
			Budden, KennethKenneth Budden
1998		Peebles, Philip James EdwinPhilip James Edwin Peebles			[4]
			Parker, Robert LadislavRobert Ladislav Parker
1997		Osterbrock, Donald EdwardDonald Edward Osterbrock			[4]
			Farley, DonaldDonald Farley
1996		Rubin, Vera CooperVera Cooper Rubin		[lower-alpha 2]	[4]
			Creer, KennethKenneth Creer
1995		Sjunjajev, Rašid AlijevičRašid Alijevič Sjunjajev			[4]
			Houghton, John TheodoreJohn Theodore Houghton
1994		Gunn, James EdwardJames Edward Gunn			[4]
			Kaiser, Thomas R.Thomas R. Kaiser
1993		Lynden-Bell, DonaldDonald Lynden-Bell			[4]
			Goldreich, PeterPeter Goldreich
1992		Parker, Eugene NewmanEugene Newman Parker			[4]
			McKenzie, Dan PeterDan Peter McKenzie
1991		Ginzburg, Vitalij LazarevičVitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg			[4]
			Wasserburg, Gerald JosephGerald Joseph Wasserburg
1990		Pagel, Bernard Ephraim JuliusBernard Ephraim Julius Pagel			[4]
			Dungey, James W.James W. Dungey
1989		Pounds, Kenneth AlwyneKenneth Alwyne Pounds			[4]
			Hide, RaymondRaymond Hide
1988		Jager, Cornelis deCornelis de Jager			[4]
			Anderson, Don LynnDon Lynn Anderson
1987		Rees, Martin JohnMartin John Rees			[4]
			Nagata, TakešiTakeši Nagata
1986		Dalgarno, AlexanderAlexander Dalgarno			[4]
			Backus, George EdwardGeorge Edward Backus
1985		Hawking, StephenStephen Hawking			[4]
			Gold, ThomasThomas Gold
1984		Zeldovič, Jakov BorisovičJakov Borisovič Zeldovič			[4]
			Runcorn, Stanley KeithStanley Keith Runcorn
1983		Seaton, Michael JohnMichael John Seaton			[4]
			Whipple, Fred LawrenceFred Lawrence Whipple
1982		Giacconi, RiccardoRiccardo Giacconi			[4]
			Massey, Harrie Stewart WilsonHarrie Stewart Wilson Massey
1981		Lovell, BernardBernard Lovell			[4]
			Gilbert, James FreemanJames Freeman Gilbert
1980		Schmidt, MaartenMaarten Schmidt			[4]
			Pekeris, Chaim LeibChaim Leib Pekeris
1979		Wynne, Charles GorrieCharles Gorrie Wynne			[4]
			Knopoff, LeonLeon Knopoff
1978		Spitzer, Lyman StrongLyman Strong Spitzer			[4]
			Van Allen, JamesJames Van Allen
1977		Bolton, John GatenbyJohn Gatenby Bolton			[4]
			Bates, David RobertDavid Robert Bates
1976		McCrea, William HunterWilliam Hunter McCrea			[4]
			Ratcliffe, John AshworthJohn Ashworth Ratcliffe
1975		Greenstein, Jesse LeonardJesse Leonard Greenstein			[4]
			Öpik, Ernst JuliusErnst Julius Öpik
1974		Biermann, Ludwig Franz BenedictLudwig Franz Benedict Biermann			[4]
			Bullen, Keith EdwardKeith Edward Bullen
1973		Salpeter, Edwin ErnestEdwin Ernest Salpeter			[4]
			Birch, Alfred FrancisAlfred Francis Birch
1972		Zwicky, FritzFritz Zwicky			[4]
			Thirlaway, HalHal Thirlaway
1971		Riet Woolley, Richard van derRichard van der Riet Woolley			[4]
			Press, FrankFrank Press
1970		Babcock, Horace WelcomeHorace Welcome Babcock			[4]
1969		Schwarzschild, MartinMartin Schwarzschild			[4]
			Price, Albert ThomasAlbert Thomas Price
1968		Hoyle, FredFred Hoyle			[4]
			Munk, Walter HeinrichWalter Heinrich Munk
1967		Sandage, Allan RexAllan Rex Sandage			[4]
			Alfvén, Hannes Olof GöstaHannes Olof Gösta Alfvén
1966		Bowen, Ira SpragueIra Sprague Bowen			[4]
			Urey, Harold ClaytonHarold Clayton Urey
1965		Clemence, Gerald MauriceGerald Maurice Clemence			[4]
			Bullard, Edward CrispEdward Crisp Bullard
1964		Ryle, MartinMartin Ryle			[4]
			Ewing, MauriceMaurice Ewing
1963			Plaskett, Harry HemleyHarry Hemley Plaskett		[4]
1962		Strömgren, BengtBengt Strömgren			[4]
1961		Zanstra, HermanHerman Zanstra			[4]
1960		Ambarcumjan, Viktor AmazaspovičViktor Amazaspovič Ambarcumjan			[4]
1959		Lyttleton, Raymond ArthurRaymond Arthur Lyttleton			[4]
1958			Danjon, André-LouisAndré-Louis Danjon		[4]
1957		Unsöld, Albrecht Otto JohannesAlbrecht Otto Johannes Unsöld			[4]
1956			Cowling, Thomas GeorgeThomas George Cowling		[4]
1955		Brouwer, DirkDirk Brouwer			[4]
1954		Baade, WalterWalter Baade			[4]
1953		Chandrasekhar, SubrahmanyanSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar			[4]
1952		Jackson, JohnJohn Jackson			[4]
1951		Pannekoek, AntonieAntonie Pannekoek			[4]
1950		Stebbins, JoelJoel Stebbins			[4]
1949			Chapman, SydneySydney Chapman		[4]
1948		Lindblad, BertilBertil Lindblad			[4]
1947			Minnaert, Marcel Gilles JozefMarcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert		[4]
1946		Oort, Jan HendrikJan Hendrik Oort			[4]
1945			Edlén, BengtBengt Edlén		[4]
1944		Struve, OttoOtto Struve			[4]
1943			Spencer Jones, HaroldHarold Spencer Jones		[4]
1942		ni bila podeljena
1941		ni bila podeljena
1940	Slika:Edwin-hubble.jpg	Hubble, Edwin PowellEdwin Powell Hubble			[4]
1939			Lyot, Bernard FerdinandBernard Ferdinand Lyot		[4]
1938		Wright, William HammondWilliam Hammond Wright			[4]
1937			Jeffreys, HaroldHarold Jeffreys		[4]
1936			Kimura, HisašiHisaši Kimura		[4]
1935		Milne, Edward ArthurEdward Arthur Milne			[4]
1934		Shapley, HarlowHarlow Shapley			[4]
1933		Slipher, Vesto MelvinVesto Melvin Slipher			[4]
1932		Aitken, Robert GrantRobert Grant Aitken			[4]
1931		Sitter, Willem deWillem de Sitter			[4]
1930		Plaskett, John StanleyJohn Stanley Plaskett			[4]
1929		Hertzsprung, EjnarEjnar Hertzsprung			[4]
1928			Sampson, Ralph AllenRalph Allen Sampson		[4]
1927		Schlesinger, FrankFrank Schlesinger			[4]
1926		Einstein, AlbertAlbert Einstein			[4]
1925			Dyson, Frank WatsonFrank Watson Dyson		[4]
1924		Eddington, Arthur StanleyArthur Stanley Eddington			[4]
1923		Michelson, Albert AbrahamAlbert Abraham Michelson			[4]
1922		Jeans, James HopwoodJames Hopwood Jeans			[4]
1921		Russell, Henry NorrisHenry Norris Russell			[4]
1920		ni bila podeljena
1919		Bigourdan, Camille GuillaumeCamille Guillaume Bigourdan			[4]
1918			Evershed, JohnJohn Evershed		[4]
1917		Adams, Walter SydneyWalter Sydney Adams			[4]
1916		Dreyer, JohnJohn Dreyer			[4]
1915			Fowler, AlfredAlfred Fowler		[4]
1914		Wolf, Max Franz Joseph CorneliusMax Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf			[4]
1913			Deslandres, Henri-AlexandreHenri-Alexandre Deslandres		[4]
1912		Hinks, Arthur RobertArthur Robert Hinks			[4]
1911		Cowell, Philip HerbertPhilip Herbert Cowell			[4]
1910			Küstner, Karl FriedrichKarl Friedrich Küstner		[4]
1909		Backlund, Johan OskarJohan Oskar Backlund			[4]
1908			Gill, DavidDavid Gill		[4]
1907			Brown, Ernest WilliamErnest William Brown		[4]
1906		Campbell, William WallaceWilliam Wallace Campbell			[4]
1905		Boss, LewisLewis Boss			[4]
1904			Hale, George ElleryGeorge Ellery Hale		[4]
1903			Struve, Karl HermannKarl Hermann Struve		[4]
1902		Kapteyn, Jacobus CorneliusJacobus Cornelius Kapteyn			[4]
1901		Pickering, Edward CharlesEdward Charles Pickering			[4]
1900		Poincaré, HenriHenri Poincaré			[4]
1899		McClean, FrankFrank McClean			[4]
1898		Denning, William FrederickWilliam Frederick Denning			[4]
1897		Barnard, Edward EmersonEdward Emerson Barnard			[4]
1896		Chandler, Seth CarloSeth Carlo Chandler			[4]
1895		Roberts, IsaacIsaac Roberts			[4]
1894		Burnham, Sherburne WesleySherburne Wesley Burnham			[4]
1893		Vogel, Hermann CarlHermann Carl Vogel			[4]
1892		Darwin, George HowardGeorge Howard Darwin			[4]
1891		ni bila podeljena
1890		ni bila podeljena
1889		Loewy, MauriceMaurice Loewy			[4]
1888		Auwers, Arthur Georg Friedrich Julius vonArthur Georg Friedrich Julius von Auwers			[4]
1887		Hill, George WilliamGeorge William Hill			[4]
1886		Pickering, Edward CharlesEdward Charles Pickering			[4]
		Pritchard, CharlesCharles Pritchard
1885		Huggins, WilliamWilliam Huggins			[4]
1884		Common, Andrew AinslieAndrew Ainslie Common			[4]
1883		Gould, Benjamin ApthorpBenjamin Apthorp Gould			[4]
1882		Gill, DavidDavid Gill			[4]
1881		Möller, AxelAxel Möller			[4]
1880		ni bila podeljena
1879		Hall, AsaphAsaph Hall			[4]
1878		Dembowski, ErcoleErcole Dembowski			[4]
1877		ni bila podeljena
1876		Le Verrier, Urbain-Jean JosephUrbain-Jean Joseph Le Verrier			[4]
1875		d'Arrest, Heinrich LouisHeinrich Louis d'Arrest			[4]
1874		Newcomb, SimonSimon Newcomb			[4]
1873		ni bila podeljena
1872		Schiaparelli, Giovanni VirginioGiovanni Virginio Schiaparelli			[4]
1871		ni bila podeljena
1870		Delaunay, Charles-EugèneCharles-Eugène Delaunay			[4]
1869		Stone, Edward JamesEdward James Stone			[4]
1868		Le Verrier, Urbain-Jean JosephUrbain-Jean Joseph Le Verrier			[4]
1867		Huggins, WilliamWilliam Huggins			[4]
		Miller, William AllenWilliam Allen Miller
1866		Adams, John CouchJohn Couch Adams			[4]
1865		Bond, George PhillipsGeorge Phillips Bond			[4]
1864		ni bila podeljena
1863		Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm AugustFriedrich Wilhelm August Argelander			[4]
1862		de la Rue, WarrenWarren de la Rue			[4]
1861		Goldschmidt, Hermann Mayer SalomonHermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt			[4]
1860		Hansen, Peter AndreasPeter Andreas Hansen			[4]
1859		Carrington, Richard ChristopherRichard Christopher Carrington			[4]
1858		Main, RobertRobert Main			[4]
1857		Schwabe, HeinrichHeinrich Schwabe			[4]
1856		Grant, RobertRobert Grant			[4]
1855		Dawes, William RutterWilliam Rutter Dawes			[4]
1854		Rümker, Karl Ludwig ChristianKarl Ludwig Christian Rümker			[4]
1853		Hind, John RussellJohn Russell Hind			[4]
1852		Peters, Christian August FriedrichChristian August Friedrich Peters			[4]
1851		Gasparis, Annibale deAnnibale de Gasparis			[4]
1850		Struve, Otto VasiljevičOtto Vasiljevič Struve			[4]
1849		Lassell, WilliamWilliam Lassell			[4]
1848		ni bila podeljena, nadomestila jo je častna medalja		[lower-alpha 3]	[4]
1847		ni bila podeljena
1846		Airy, George BiddellGeorge Biddell Airy			[4]
1845		Smyth, William HenryWilliam Henry Smyth			[4]
1844		ni bila podeljena
1843		Baily, FrancisFrancis Baily			[4]
1842		Hansen, Peter AndreasPeter Andreas Hansen			[4]
1841		Bessel, Friedrich WilhelmFriedrich Wilhelm Bessel			[4]
1840		Plana, Giovanni Antonio AmedeoGiovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana			[4]
1839		Wrottesley, JohnJohn Wrottesley			[4]
1838		ni bila podeljena
1837		Rosenberger, Otto AugustOtto August Rosenberger			[4]
1836		Herschel, John Frederick WilliamJohn Frederick William Herschel			[4]
1835		Johnson, Manuel JohnManuel John Johnson			[4]
1834		ni bila podeljena
1833		Airy, George BiddellGeorge Biddell Airy			[4]
1832		ni bila podeljena
1831		Damoiseau, Marie-CharlesMarie-Charles Damoiseau			[4]
		Kater, HenryHenry Kater
1830		Encke, Johann FranzJohann Franz Encke			[4]
		Richardson, WilliamWilliam Richardson
1829		Bessel, Friedrich WilhelmFriedrich Wilhelm Bessel			[4]
		Pearson, WilliamWilliam Pearson
		Schumacher, Heinrich ChristianHeinrich Christian Schumacher
1828		Brisbane, Thomas MakdougallThomas Makdougall Brisbane			[4]
		Dunlop, JamesJames Dunlop
		Herschel, CarolineCaroline Herschel		[lower-alpha 2]
1827		Baily, FrancisFrancis Baily		[lower-alpha 4]	[4]
1826		Herschel, John Frederick WilliamJohn Frederick William Herschel			[4]
		South, JamesJames South
		Struve, Friedrich Georg WilhelmFriedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve
1825		ni bila podeljena
1824		Babbage, CharlesCharles Babbage		[lower-alpha 5]	[4]
		Encke, Johann FranzJohann Franz Encke

Občasne nagrade

Srebrna medalja

Dvakrat so podelili tudi srebrno medaljo.

• 1827: William Samuel Stratford, Mark Beaufoy
• 1824: Charles Rümker, Jean-Louis Pons

Častna medalja 1848

• John Couch Adams
• George Biddell Airy
• Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander
• George Bishop
• George Everest
• Peter Andreas Hansen
• Karl Ludwig Hencke
• John Frederick William Herschel
• John Russell Hind
• Urbain-Jean Joseph Le Verrier
• John William Lubbock
• Maxmilian Weisse

Opombe

1. Margaret in Geoffrey Burbidge sta skupaj prejela nagrado prvič po letu 1886.
2. Prva ženska, ki je prejela zlato medaljo, je bila Caroline Herschel leta 1828. Naslednja je bila Vera Cooper Rubin leta 1996.
3. Nadomestila jo je častna medalja. Prejeli so jo: John Couch Adams, George Biddell Airy, Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, George Bishop, George Everest, Peter Andreas Hansen, Karl Ludwig Hencke, John Frederick William Herschel, John Russell Hind, Urbain-Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John William Lubbock in Maxmilian Weisse
4. Srebrna medalja: Mark Beaufoy, William Samuel Stratford
5. Srebrna medalja: Jean-Louis Pons, Charles Rümker

Sklici

1. »RAS honours leading astronomers and geophysicists« (v angleščini). RAS. 11. januar 2017. Pridobljeno 17. januarja 2017.
2. »RAS honours leading astronomers and geophysicist« (v angleščini). RAS. 8. januar 2015. Pridobljeno 9. januarja 2015.
3. »Winners of the 2015 awards, medals and prizes - full details« (v angleščini). 9. januar 2015. Pridobljeno 9. januarja 2015.
4. »Gold Medal Winners« (PDF) (v angleščini). RAS. 2014. Pridobljeno 9. januarja 2015.
   »Winners of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society«. RAS. 2012. Pridobljeno 9. januarja 2015.
5. »2014 winners of the RAS awards, medals and prizes« (v angleščini). RAS. 10. januar 2014. Pridobljeno 21. januarja 2014.
6. »2013 winners of the RAS awards, medals and prizes« (v angleščini). RAS. 10. januar 2013. Pridobljeno 12. januarja 2013.
7. »RAS honours leading astronomers and geophysicists« (v angleščini). RAS. 5. december 2012. Pridobljeno 17. februarja 2012.
8. »RAS honours outstanding astronomers and geophysicists« (v angleščini). RAS. 19. januar 2011. Pridobljeno 10. januarja 2013.
9. »RAS Honours Outstanding Astronomers and Geophysicists« (v angleščini). RAS. Pridobljeno 25. marca 2011.
10. »RAS meeting and Community Forum - JENAM 2009« (v angleščini). Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 17. februarja 2009. Pridobljeno 23. aprila 2009.
11. »News: Appointments and awards«. Astronomy & Geophysics. 41 (4): 7. 2000. Bibcode:2000A&G....41d...7.. doi:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00404-9.x.

Viri

Zunanje povezave

• List of recipients (angleško)

• Portal Astronomija