Mecca

Mecca or Makkah (officially: Makkah al-Mukarramah; Arabic: مكة المكرمة) is a city in Saudi Arabia and the holiest city in Islam. As of the 2004 census, 1,294,169 people lived there. The city is 73 kilometres (45 mi) inland from Jeddah, in the narrow sandy Valley of Abraham. It is 277 metres (909 ft) above sea level. It is 81 kilometres (50 mi) from the Red Sea.

Makkah مكة المكرمة Makkah al-Mukarramah Makkah
The Holy City of Makkah
Flag
Nickname:  Umm al-Qura ("Mother of All Settlements")
Makkah Location of Makkah in Saudi Arabia
Coordinates: 21°25′0″N 39°49′0″E
Country	Saudi Arabia
Province	Makkah Province
Founded by	Prophet Ismā'īl (Islamic Tradition)
Government
• Mayor	Osama al-Bar
• Provincial Governor	Khalid al-Faisal
Area [1]
• City	760 km2 (290 sq mi)
• Urban	850 km2 (330 sq mi)
• Metro	1,200 km2 (500 sq mi)
Elevation	277 m (909 ft)
Population  (2012)[source?]
• City	2,000,000
• Density	4,200/km2 (2,625/sq mi)
• Urban	2,353,912
• Metro	2,900,000
	Mecca Municipality estimate
Time zone	UTC+3 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (AST)
Postal Code	(5 digits)
Area code	+966-2
Website	www.holymakkah.gov.sa

A view of Makkah during the Hajj, with Mt. Arafat in the distance.

Makkah is the holiest city in the Islamic world. Every year, millions of Muslims take a pilgrimage to Mecca, called the Hajj. They follow in the footsteps of Muhammad. All Muslims who are able to perform the Hajj are expected to do so at least once in their life. The Kaaba and Masjid al-Haram, are the holiest mosques in Islam. Mecca is closed to non-Muslims except for some journalists reporting on the Hajj.

History

The Kaaba, the small cubical building which Muslims pray towards is believed to have been built by Ibrahim and has been a religious center ever since. Muslims believed that God commanded Ibrahim to send his second wife Hajar and her son Ismail there.^[2] They found the Zamzam Well which led to people settling nearby, and thus Makkah was born. When Ismail was big enough, he helped his father to build the Kaaba. The Kaaba is the place towards which Muslims turn in prayer. This is known as the Qibla.^[3]

References

1. Makkah Municipality Archived 2013-08-05 at the Wayback Machine. Holymakkah.gov.sa. Retrieved on 2013-02-03.
2. "The Qur'an 14:37". Archived from the original on 2007-10-15. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
3. The Qur'an 2:217

Other websites

• Direction to Makkah Archived 2006-08-25 at the Wayback Machine
• Qibla Compass
• The Emirate of Makkah^{[permanent dead link]}
• Inside Mecca DVD Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine National Geographic documentary about Makkah
• Mecca Wallpapers New