F minor

F minor is a minor scale based on F. The harmonic minor raises the E♭ to E♮. Its key signature has four flats. It has the pitches of F, G, A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, and F.

F minor

Relative key	A♭ major
Parallel key	F major
Dominant key
Subdominant
Notes in this scale
F, G, A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, F

Its relative major is A-flat major, and its parallel major is F major.

F minor is a key that people often link with passion. Some famous pieces in the key of F minor are Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata, Haydn's Symphony No. 49 in F minor, La Passione, and Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.

In the Baroque period, music in F minor was usually written with a three-flat key signature. Some modern printings of such music keeps it written that way.

Notable songs

• Adele - Hello
• Máni Svavarsson - We Are Number One

Notable compositions

• String Quartet No. 11, Op. 95 "Serioso" – Ludwig van Beethoven
• Violin Concerto L'inverno, RV 297, Op. 8, No. 4 – Antonio Vivaldi
• Piano Sonata No. 23, Op. 57 (Appassionata) – Ludwig van Beethoven
• Fantasia in F minor – Franz Schubert
• Fantaisie in F minor, Op. 49 – Frédéric Chopin
• Harpsichord Concerto No. 5, BWV 1056 – Johann Sebastian Bach
• Ballade No. 4, Op. 52 – Chopin
• Piano Quintet, Op. 34 – Johannes Brahms
• Piano Concerto No. 2, Op. 21 – Chopin

E-sharp minor

E♯ minor

Relative key	G♯ major
Parallel key	E-sharp major (enharmonic F major)
Dominant key
Subdominant
Notes in this scale
E♯, F, G♯, A♯, B♯, C♯, D♯, E♯

The enharmonic equivalent of F minor is E-sharp minor. It is a minor scale based on the musical note E♯. Its key signature has six sharps and one double sharp. Due to its use of more accidentals, E-sharp minor is considered impractical to use. It is usually replaced with F minor.

Other websites

Media related to F minor at Wikimedia Commons