Macau

The Macao Special Administrative Region (Macau or Macao, simplified Chinese: 澳门; traditional Chinese: 澳門; pinyin: Aomen; Jyutping: Ou Mun) is one of China's two Special Administrative Regions. (The other one is Hong Kong). Macau is a small city in the southern coast in China. Like Hong Kong, Macau also has a large amount of autonomy, with its own passport, currency, economic rules, and constitution.

Macao Special Administrative [1] Region of the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區 Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China
Flag Emblem
Anthem:  義勇軍進行曲 "March of the Volunteers"
Clockwise from top right: Ruins of St. Paul's; Casino Lisboa; St Joseph Seminary Church; Governor Nobre de Carvalho Bridge; A-Ma Temple; Guia Fortress; Macau Tower.
Official languages	Chinese[2] Portuguese
Spoken languages	Cantonese Macanese Portuguese Macanese (Patuá)
Writing systems	Traditional Chinese Latin alphabet
Ethnic groups	92.4% Chinese 2.7% Filipino 1.5% English 1.4% Portuguese 2.0% Other
Demonym(s)	Macanese
Government	Special administrative region
• Chief Executive	Ho Iat Seng
• Administration and Justice Secretary	Cheong Weng Chon
• Court President	Sam Hou Fai
• Assembly President	Kou Hoi In
Legislature	Legislative Assembly
Establishment
• Portuguese administration	1557
• Portuguese colony	1 December 1887
• Transfer of sovereignty	20 December 1999
Area
• Total	29.5 km2 (11.4 sq mi) (235th)
• Water (%)	0
Population
• 2012a estimate	568,700[3] (167th)
• 2011 census	552,503[4] (167th)
• Density	18,568/km2 (48,090.9/sq mi) (1st)
GDP (PPP)	2011 estimate
• Total	US$47.19 billion (98th)
• Per capita	US$82,400 (4th)
GDP (nominal)	2012 [5] estimate
• Total	US$44.300 billion (98th)
• Per capita	US$77,353 (4th)
HDI (2007)	0.944[6] very high · 25th
Currency	Macanese pataca (MOP)
Time zone	UTC+8 (MST)
• Summer (DST)	not observed
Driving side	left
Calling code	+853
ISO 3166 code	MO
Internet TLD	.mo
Second quarter.

Macau
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	澳門
Simplified Chinese	澳门
Jyutping	ou3mun4*2
Cantonese Yale	Oumùhn
Hanyu Pinyin	Àomén
Literal meaning	Bay gate
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Àomén IPA [ɑ̂ʊ̯mə̌n] Wu Romanization au去men平 Hakka Romanization Àu-mûn Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Oumùhn IPA [ʔōu mǔːn] Jyutping ou3mun4*2 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Ò-mn̂g Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Ó̤-muòng
Macao Special Administrative Region
Traditional Chinese	澳門特別行政區 (or 澳門特區)
Simplified Chinese	澳门特别行政区 (or 澳门特区)
Jyutping	Ou3mun4*2 Dak6bit6 Hang4zing3 Keoi1
Hanyu Pinyin	Àomén Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū (Àomén Tèqū)
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Àomén Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū (Àomén Tèqū) Wu Romanization au去men平 deh入bih入 ghan平tsen去chiu平 Hakka Romanization Àu-mûn Thi̍t-phe̍t Hàng-tsṳn-khî Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Ou3mun4*2 Dak6bit6 Hang4zing3 Keoi1 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Ò-mn̂g Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu
Portuguese name
Portuguese	Região Administrativa Especial de Macau for "Macau Special Administrative Region"

It consists of Macau Peninsula (Aomen Bandao), Taipa Island (Dangzai Dao), Coloane Island (Luhuan Dao) and Cotai (Ludangcheng), the new reclaimed land between Taipa and Coloane. It is very densely populated, with over half a million people living in just over 12 square miles.

Macau used to be a colony of Portugal. Although Portuguese is an official language alongside Chinese (as a result of it being a Portuguese colony in the past), very few Macanese actually speak Portuguese; only about 0.7% speak it at home. As a matter of fact, English is more commonly spoken, despite it not being an official language (about 2.3% speak it at home). Cantonese is the main dialect of Chinese spoken in Macau. However, Mandarin has also become more common since Portugal returned it to China in 1999.^[7]

Today, Macau mostly makes money from offshore gambling. In fact, Macau generated 7 times greater gambling revenue than Las Vegas in 2013.^[8] People in Macau also make some money from exporting clothing.

As Macau was previously a Portuguese colony, you can easily find traces of how the Portuguese culture is presented in the city. One of them is itinerary for couples, who are intending to spend a day exploring Macau.^[9]

Economy of Macau

Macau’s economy relies on gambling. Eighty percent of the government’s revenue is derived from gambling. The revenue generated by gambling in 2019 was $36.5 billion, which is about 6 times larger than Las Vegas. Macau has 41 casinos including several that belong to Wynn resorts and Sands.

Macau is the only part of China where gambling is legal. Many of the customers of casinos are wealthy Chinese.

Around 2020 Chinese new year authorities closed down travel from China to Macau. Visits fell eighty percent. It is estimated by some observers that the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak will cost Macau between 5-15 percent of its gambling revenue. ^[10]

References

1. As reflected in the Chinese text of the Macau emblem, the text of the Macao Basic Law Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine, and the Macao Government Website Archived 2012-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, the full name of the territory is the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Although the convention of "Macao Special Administrative Region", "Macao" and "Macau" can also be used.
2. The Macau Basic Law states that the official languages are "Chinese and Portuguese." It does not explicitly specify the standard for "Chinese". While Mandarin and Simplified Chinese characters are used as the spoken and written standards in mainland China, Cantonese and Traditional Chinese characters are the long-established de facto standards in Macau.
3. "Demographic Statistics for the 2nd Quarter 2012". Statistics and Census Service. Macao SAR Government. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
4. "Results of 2011 Population Census". Statistics and Census Service. Macao SAR Government. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
5. "CIA World Factbook". Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
6. "Macao in Figures 2010". Statistics and Census Service, Macau SAR. 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
7. "What language is spoken in Macau?".
8. Riley, Charles (6 January 2014). "Macau's gambling industry dwarfs Vegas". CNN.
9. "Couple Itinerary for Macau Day Trip from Hong Kong". Easy Travel Recipes. 8 June 2020. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
10. "Coronavirus shuts Macao, the world's gambling capital". 4 February 2020.