An'ei

An'ei (安永) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Meiwa and before Tenmei. This period started in November 1772 and ended in March 1781.^[1] During this time, the emperors were Go-Momozono-tennō (後桃園天皇)^[2] and Kōkaku-tennō (光格天皇).^[3]

The nengō An'ei means "Eternal Tranquility"^[4] or "Peaceful and Long".^[5]

Events of the An'ei era

The volcano of Sakurajima erupted in the 7th year of An'ei

• 1774 (An'ei 3): Kaitai shinsho, the first complete Japanese translation of a Western medical work, is published by Sugita Gempaku and Maeno Ryotaku.^[6]
• 1775 (An'ei 4): Epidemic diseases spread in the Japanese population and 190,000 died in Edo.^[7]
• 1775 (An'ei 4): Carl Peter Thunberg arrived at Dutch East India Company outpost or "factory" in Nagasaki.^[8]
• 1778 (An'ei 7): Flooding at Kyoto.^[7]
• 1778 (An'ei 7): Volcanic island of Sakurajima erupted near Kagoshima and 16,000 were killed.^[7]
• 12 June 1779 (An'ei 8, 28th day of the 4th month): Former-Emperor Go-Momozono died.^[9]
• 1779 (An'ei 8): Isaac Titsingh arrived at Dejima.^[8]
• 1780: After the death of Empress Go-Momozono, the succession (senso) passed to Emperor Kōkaku; and his role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (sokui).^[10]
• 1780 (An'ei 9): Heavy rains and flooding in the Kantō.^[7]

Related pages

• Edo period

References

1. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
2. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
3. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
4. Hall, John Whitney. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788, p. 7.
5. Screech, Timon (2000). Shogun's Painted Culture: Fear and Creativity in the Japanese States, 1760-1829. Reaktion Books. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-86189-064-1.
6. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
7. Hall, John Whitney. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719-1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan, p. 121.
8. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 966. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
9. Meyer, Eva-Maria (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit: unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Lit. p. 186. ISBN 978-3-8258-3939-0.
10. Meyer, Eva-Maria (1999). Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit: unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867. Lit. p. 50. ISBN 978-3-8258-3939-0.

Other websites

• National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" – historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
• National Archives of Japan: Hinozenshu sanbutsu zuko, scroll showing illustrated inventory of industries in Hizen, An'ei 2 (1773) Archived 2015-10-02 at the Wayback Machine

An'ei	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
	1772	1773	1774	1775	1776	1777	1778	1779	1780	1781

Preceded by: Meiwa

Era or nengō: An'ei

Succeeded by: Tenmei