state of the United States of America From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alaska (/əˈlæskə/ (listen)), officially the State of Alaska, is a state in the United States. It is in the northwest corner of North America.
Alaska
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State of Alaska | |
Nickname: The Last Frontier | |
Motto: North to the Future | |
Anthem: Alaska's Flag | |
Country | United States |
Before statehood | Territory of Alaska |
Admitted to the Union | January 3, 1959 (49th) |
Capital | Juneau |
Largest city | Anchorage |
Largest metro and urban areas | Anchorage |
Government | |
• Governor | Mike Dunleavy (R) |
• Lieutenant Governor | Nancy Dahlstrom (R) |
Legislature | Alaska Legislature |
• Upper house | Senate |
• Lower house | House of Representatives |
Judiciary | Alaska Supreme Court |
U.S. senators |
|
U.S. House delegation | Mary Peltola (D) (list) |
Area | |
• Total | 665,384[1] sq mi (1,723,337 km2) |
• Land | 571,951[2] sq mi (1,481,346 km2) |
• Water | 91,316 sq mi (236,507 km2) 13.77% |
• Rank | 1st |
Dimensions | |
• Length | 1,420 mi (2,285 km) |
• Width | 2,261 mi (3,639 km) |
Elevation | 1,900 ft (580 m) |
Highest elevation | 20,310 ft (6,190.5 m) |
Lowest elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
Population (2020[4]) | |
• Total | 733,391 |
• Rank | 48th |
• Density | 1.10/sq mi (0.42/km2) |
• Rank | 50th |
• Median household income | $77,800[5] |
• Income rank | 12th |
Demonym | Alaskan |
Language | |
• Official languages | Ahtna, Alutiiq, Dena'ina, Deg Xinag, English, Eyak, Gwich'in, Haida, Hän, Holikachuk, Inupiaq, Koyukon, Lower Tanana, St. Lawrence Island Yupik, Tanacross, Tlingit, Tsimshian, Unangax̂, Upper Kuskokwim, Upper Tanana, Yup'ik |
• Spoken language |
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Time zones | |
east of 169°30' | UTC−09:00 (Alaska) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−08:00 (ADT) |
west of 169°30' | UTC−10:00 (Hawaii-Aleutian) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−09:00 (HADT) |
USPS abbreviation | AK |
ISO 3166 code | US-AK |
Latitude | 51°20'N to 71°50'N |
Longitude | 130°W to 172°E |
Website | alaska |
Alaska state symbols | |
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Living insignia | |
Bird | Willow ptarmigan |
Dog breed | Alaskan Malamute |
Fish | King salmon |
Flower | Forget-me-not |
Insect | Four-spot skimmer dragonfly |
Mammal |
|
Tree | Sitka Spruce |
Inanimate insignia | |
Fossil | Woolly Mammoth |
Gemstone | Jade |
Mineral | Gold |
Other | Dog mushing (state sport) |
State route marker | |
State quarter | |
Released in 2008 | |
Lists of United States state symbols |
Alaska does not touch other US states. It has borders with Canada, the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, and the Bering Strait. The United States bought Alaska from Russia on March 30, 1867. This was called the Alaska Purchase. This prevented Russia from having land on continental North America. Alaska cost $7.2 million. Today, that would be $120 million. The price was about $0.02 per acre ($4.74/km2).
Alaska is the biggest state in the United States.[6] It is the 3rd least populated state. It has the lowest population density of all the states. About half of the population of Alaska lives in the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, 731,158 people live in Alaska.[7]
Alaska became an organized (or incorporated) territory on May 11, 1912. It became the 49th state on January 3, 1959.[8]
The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsaq. This means "the mainland" or "the object towards which the action of the sea is directed."[9] The land is also called Alyeska, which is another Aleut word that means "the great land." The Russian name was Аляска.
Alaska mainly exports seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab. The oil and gas industry is very important in the Alaskan economy. More than 80% of the state's revenues is from petroleum extraction.
William H. Seward, the 24th United States Secretary of State, negotiated the Alaska Purchase with the Russians in 1867 for $7.2 million. It was called Seward's Folly at the time.
Russia's ruler then was Tsar Alexander II, the Emperor of the Russian Empire, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. He also planned the sale.[10]
The purchase was made on March 30, 1867. Six months later the commissioners arrived in Sitka and the formal transfer was arranged; the formal flag-raising took place at Fort Sitka on October 18, 1867. In the ceremony 250 uniformed U.S. soldiers marched to the governor's house at "Castle Hill", where the Russian troops lowered the Russian flag and the U.S. flag was raised. This event is celebrated as Alaska Day, a legal holiday on October 18.
The capital city is Juneau, but the biggest city is Anchorage. Alaska is the biggest state in the United States, but it has one of the smallest populations. It is also the least densely populated: more than half of the population live in the Anchorage Metropolitan Area. Alaska has almost 20% of all the land in the U.S., but only about 0.2% of the people. It is not connected to any other states by American land, but it is connected to the territories of Yukon and British Columbia in Canada.
Alaska has many glaciers, some of which can be seen from passing cruise ships. Some are coastal, and others are not by the ocean. It is a popular tourist destination, as there is a very rich culture along with beautiful scenery. There are wild animals in Alaska. Some of them are the brown bear, the moose, and the wolf.
There are some important industries in Alaska, like oil, fishing, mining, transportation, tourism, and forestry. Oil is the biggest industry in Alaska. Most of the oil is very far north in the Alaskan arctic. A very long pipeline starts at the northern coast of Alaska and runs to the southern coast. It is over 800 miles (1,300 km) long. There were many gold rushes in Alaska. The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) is ranked as the world's fourth busiest cargo airport.
Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the United States, is in Southeast Alaska. The state capital Juneau, and the former capital Sitka, are in Southeast Alaska.[11]
Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians in Alaska. They are a chain of 14 large volcanic islands and 55 smaller islands. Most of the Aleutian Islands belong to the U.S. state of Alaska, but some belong to Russia.[12]
One of the world's largest tides occur in Turnagain Arm, just south of Anchorage, where the differences in the tides can be more than 35 feet (10.7 m).[13]
It is widely believed that the region served as the entry point for the initial settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge.
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