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Acanthonemus is an extinct genus of prehistoric Acanthuriformes fish from the early Eocene. It is the only genus in the extinct family Acanthonemidae. All the species are known from Monte Bolca in Italy.
It was described by Agassiz in 1833. It is a saltwater fish.
Acanthonemus is a fairly small fish, reaching only 15 cm. It has an oval-shaped body. The pectoral fins were short and pointed, while the pelvic fins were a little bit long.