1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1850th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 850th year of the 2nd millennium, the 50th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1850, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1820s 1830s 1840s – 1850s – 1860s 1870s 1880s |
| Years: | 1847 1848 1849 – 1850 – 1851 1852 1853 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1850 MDCCCL |
| Ab urbe condita | 2603 |
| Armenian calendar | 1299 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6600 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 6–7 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1771–1772 |
| Bengali calendar | 1257 |
| Berber calendar | 2800 |
| British Regnal year | 13 Vict. 1 – 14 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2394 |
| Burmese calendar | 1212 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7358–7359 |
| Chinese calendar | 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 4546 or 4486 — to — 庚戌年 (Metal Dog) 4547 or 4487 |
| Coptic calendar | 1566–1567 |
| Discordian calendar | 3016 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1842–1843 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5610–5611 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1906–1907 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1771–1772 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4950–4951 |
| Holocene calendar | 11850 |
| Igbo calendar | 850–851 |
| Iranian calendar | 1228–1229 |
| Islamic calendar | 1266–1267 |
| Japanese calendar | Kaei 3 (嘉永３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1778–1779 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4183 |
| Minguo calendar | 62 before ROC 民前62年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 382 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2392–2393 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1976 or 1595 or 823 — to — 阳金狗年 (male Iron-Dog) 1977 or 1596 or 824 |
- The speed of light in water was observed to be slower than that in air.
- January 21 – Paul Vinzenz Busch, ringmaster (d. 1927)
- January 27 – Samuel Gompers, English-born labor leader (d. 1924)
- January 27 – Edward J. Smith, Captain of the Titanic (d. 1912)
- May 1 – Prince Arthur of the United Kingdom (d. 1942)
- May 8 – Ross Barnes, baseball player (d. 1915)
- May 12 – Henry Cabot Lodge, U.S. statesman (d. 1924)
- May 21 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (d. 1914)
- July 12 – Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
- September 2 – Albert Spalding, baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (d. 1915)
- November 13 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (d. 1894)
- December 9 – Emma Abbott, American opera singer (d. 1891)
- December 21 – Zdenek Fibich, Czech composer (d. 1900)
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