1568 (MDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday in the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 15th century – 16th century – 17th century |
| Decades: | 1530s 1540s 1550s – 1560s – 1570s 1580s 1590s |
| Years: | 1565 1566 1567 – 1568 – 1569 1570 1571 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1568 MDLXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2321 |
| Armenian calendar | 1017 ԹՎ ՌԺԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6318 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1489–1490 |
| Bengali calendar | 975 |
| Berber calendar | 2518 |
| English Regnal year | 10 Eliz. 1 – 11 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2112 |
| Burmese calendar | 930 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7076–7077 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit) 4264 or 4204 — to — 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 4265 or 4205 |
| Coptic calendar | 1284–1285 |
| Discordian calendar | 2734 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1560–1561 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5328–5329 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1624–1625 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1489–1490 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4668–4669 |
| Holocene calendar | 11568 |
| Igbo calendar | 568–569 |
| Iranian calendar | 946–947 |
| Islamic calendar | 975–976 |
| Japanese calendar | Eiroku 11 (永禄１１年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1487–1488 |
| Julian calendar | 1568 MDLXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3901 |
| Minguo calendar | 344 before ROC 民前344年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 100 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2110–2111 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火兔年 (female Fire-Rabbit) 1694 or 1313 or 541 — to — 阳土龙年 (male Earth-Dragon) 1695 or 1314 or 542 |
- January 16 - Álvaro de Mendaña discovers the Tuvaluan island of Nui.
- Unknown - The Eighty Years War begins.
- March 9 - Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (d. 1591)
- April 5 - Pope Urban VIII, 236th Pope (d. 1644)
- Unknown - Joris van Spilbergen, Dutch explorer (d. 1620)
- January 26 - Lady Katherine Grey, English noblewoman (b. 1540)
- July 24 - Carlos, Prince of Asturias, oldest son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
- December 31 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese daimyo (b. 1493)
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